港湾污损生物生态研究—海鸥浮码头污损生物现场检测及其污损量化

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2021.299

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2022, Vol. 42

Issue (6): 913-920 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2021.299

研究报告

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港湾污损生物生态研究—海鸥浮码头污损生物现场检测及其污损量化

马士德¹, 刘会莲¹(

), 刘杰², 韩文³, 邰余³, 康宁⁴, 王在东³, 刘欣⁴, 段继周¹(

)

1.中国科学院海洋研究所青岛 266071
2.中国科学院大学北京 100049
3.青岛东启机械设备有限公司青岛 266071
4.青岛科技大学材料科学与工程学院青岛 266042

Ecology of Harbor Fouling Organisms on Spot Detectation and Quantification of Fouling Organisms of Seagull Floating Dock

MA Shide¹, LIU Huilian¹(

), LIU Jie², HAN Wen³, TAI Yu³, KANG Ning⁴, WANG Zaidong³, LIU Xin⁴, DUAN Jizhou¹(

)

1. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Qingdao Dongqi Machinery Equipment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
4. College of Materials Science and Enginneering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China

引用本文:

马士德, 刘会莲, 刘杰, 韩文, 邰余, 康宁, 王在东, 刘欣, 段继周. 港湾污损生物生态研究—海鸥浮码头污损生物现场检测及其污损量化[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42(6): 913-920.
Shide MA, Huilian LIU, Jie LIU, Wen HAN, Yu TAI, Ning KANG, Zaidong WANG, Xin LIU, Jizhou DUAN. Ecology of Harbor Fouling Organisms on Spot Detectation and Quantification of Fouling Organisms of Seagull Floating Dock[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2022, 42(6): 913-920.

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摘要:

现场检测了坞修海鸥浮码头尾舵舱、船体和船头的污损生物,共检出8类30余种生物。优势种为紫贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis,首次发现粗胞苔虫Scrupocellaria sp.,物种多样性顺序为船头>尾舵舱>船体。尾舵舱口污损最严重,此处重叠附着厚度达15 cm,硬壳类污损生物覆盖面积百分比达70%。讨论了季节因素、船体结构、海水流动状态和阳光照射对污损生物群落组成的影响；将检出的污损生物分成硬壳类群、被覆类群、直立类群和藻类群4类,根据硬壳类附着面积大小给出污损程度的量级并绘出了浮码头的生物污损图,对促进非生物专业科技人员的交流、防污标准的制定及污损生物生态数学建模具有一定的推动作用。

关键词 ：污损生物, 生物污损, 群落组成, 浮码头

Abstract：

The composition of fouling organism's community was on-spot detected on several portions below waterline, including the bow, hull and stern rudder bay, of the so called “Seagull floating dock”, which has been in service for more than 5 years at Qingdao harbor. It is found that more than 30 species of eight types of organisms were detected, among which Mytilus galloprovincialis is the dominant species, and it is the first time that the Scrupocellaria species was discovered in this area. The ranking of species diversity is bow > stern rudder bay>hull. The most seriously fouling portion is the stern rudder bay, where the fouling organisms here overlap and attach to a thickness up to 15 cm, and the percentage of covered area of the hard-shelled fouling organisms reached 70%. The influence of seasonal factors, hull structure, sea current state and sunniness on the fouling organism's community was discussed. The on-the-spot classification method was proposed for the first time and applied in this study, the fouling organisms detected on the Seagull floating dock were classified into four categories: hard-shelled groups, crusting groups, uprighting groups, and algae groups. Then the biofouling distribution map of the floating dock was drawn according to the size of the attachment area of the hard-shelled groups. This can promote the communications between the non-biological professionals, the formulation of anti-fouling standards, and the mathematical modeling of fouling organisms.

Key words： fouling organism biofouling community composition floating dock

收稿日期: 2021-10-25

ZTFLH:

TG172

基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项 (A类)(XDA23050304);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项 (A类)(XDA13040404);国家自然科学基金(59471054);国家自然科学基金(59071040)

作者简介: 马士德,男,1938年生,研究员

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2021.299 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2022/V42/I6/913

图1 尾舵舱口周边部分污损生物形貌

图2 尾舵舱及舱内船底污损生物群落形貌

图3 尾舵舱口→尾舵舱内船底污损生物群落变化

图4 船体左右舷检测分区形貌

图5 右舷上部水线区污损生物群落形貌

图6 船右弦近船头部分采集的藻类形貌

图7 紫贻贝及其上的重叠附着生物

图8 右舷中部船底、船左舷各部位及船头部位污损生物群形貌

表1 海鸥浮码头污损生物调查结果

图9 污损程度示意图

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