木质文物的腐蚀行为与防护技术研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.329

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (2): 341-351 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.329 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.329

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木质文物的腐蚀行为与防护技术研究进展

张玲玲¹^,², 郭英之²(

), 杨超³(

)

^1.莆田学院管理学院莆田 351100
^2.复旦大学旅游学系上海 200433
^3.上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心上海 200240

A Review of Corrosion Behavior and Protection Technology of Wooden Cultural Relics

ZHANG Lingling¹^,², GUO Yingzhi²(

), YANG Chao³(

)

^1.School of Management, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
^2.Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
^3.National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

引用本文:

张玲玲, 郭英之, 杨超. 木质文物的腐蚀行为与防护技术研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(2): 341-351.
Lingling ZHANG, Yingzhi GUO, Chao YANG. A Review of Corrosion Behavior and Protection Technology of Wooden Cultural Relics[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(2): 341-351.

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摘要:

木质文物作为人类文化遗产的重要组成部分，具有不可替代的历史、艺术与科学价值。然而，木材作为一种多孔、亲水且富含营养基质的有机材料，在环境与生物因子作用下极易发生腐蚀降解，严重威胁其长期保存。本文统计分析了国际和国内木质文物腐蚀的研究情况，包括发文数量，国家研究分布与合作、关键词共现与聚类等，系统综述了木质文物腐蚀机理、影响因素及防护技术的研究进展。在腐蚀行为方面，阐述了微生物、化学与老化等因素耦合破坏机制；在影响因素方面，总结了木材化学组成、微观结构以及水分、温度、pH、盐分等环境条件的调控作用；在防护技术方面，评析了无损/微损检测方法以及稳定化、脱水干燥和环境控制技术的应用现状与发展趋势。最后，本文展望了构建基于多源数据融合与数字孪生的智能保护平台的必要性，通过实时监测与人工智能预警，为木质文物的风险预警、干预决策和可持续传承提供系统解决方案。

关键词 ：木质文物, 研究统计, 腐蚀机理, 检测技术, 防护方法

Abstract：

Wooden cultural relics, as an important component of human cultural heritage, possess irreplaceable historical, artistic, and scientific value. However, due to their porous, hygroscopic, and nutrient-rich nature, wooden materials are highly susceptible to degradation caused by environmental and biological factors, thereby posing a serious threat to their long-term preservation. This paper presents a statistical analysis of international and domestic research on the corrosion of wooden cultural relics, including publication output and keyword clustering, and systematically reviews recent advances in corrosion mechanisms, influencing factors, and protective technologies. Regarding corrosion behavior, the paper elaborates on the coupled destructive mechanisms triggered by microorganisms, chemical factors, and aging. In terms of influencing factors, it summarizes the regulatory effect of chemical composition and microstructure of the wooden materials, as well as the effect of environmental parameters such as moisture, temperature, pH, and salinity etc. Concerning protective technologies, it reviews the current applications and development trends of non-destructive/mini-destructive detection methods, as well as the stabilization, dehydration, drying, and environmental-control techniques. Finally, this paper underscores the necessity of constructing an intelligent protection platform based on multi-source data integration and digital twins, providing systematic solutions for risk assessment, intervention decision-making, and sustainable preservation of wooden cultural relics through real-time monitoring and AI-based early warning.

Key words： wooden cultural relics research statistics corrosion mechanisms detection techniques protective methods

收稿日期: 2025-10-24 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.329

ZTFLH:

TG172

基金资助:福建省科技厅创新战略研究计划项目(2025R0059);福建省社科规划项目(FJ2024BF046);莆田学院引进人才科研启动项目(2024154)

通讯作者: 郭英之，E-mail：yingzhig@fudan.edu.cn，研究方向为文化遗产活化;

Corresponding author: GUO Yingzhi, E-mail: yingzhig@fudan.edu.cn;

作者简介: 张玲玲，女，1991年生，博士，副教授

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图1 木质文物腐蚀与防护研究年度发文数量趋势图

图2 木质文物腐蚀与防护研究国家和机构合作网络图

图3 木质文物腐蚀与防护研究关键词共现图

图4 木质文物腐蚀与防护研究关键词聚类图

图5 “小白礁Ⅰ号”沉船部分受损严重木质文物的细胞结构[4]

图6 南海Ⅰ号沉船木结构元素图[7]

图7 木质文物图像三维重建[23]

图8 有机硅树脂修饰木材表面机理[25]

图9 新型杀菌剂混合物在文化遗产生物防治中的应用[33]

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