氢扩散模型对临氢结构裂尖氢浓度计算影响

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.320

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (4): 1070-1080 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.320 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.320

研究报告

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氢扩散模型对临氢结构裂尖氢浓度计算影响

诸滔¹, 孙浩翔¹, 周亚洪¹, 赵宇航², 王艳飞²(

)

1 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院南京 210036
2 中国矿业大学化工学院徐州 221116

Effect of Hydrogen Diffusion Model on Hydrogen Concentration Calculation Around a Crack Tip in Hydrogen-exposed Structures

ZHU Tao¹, SUN Haoxiang¹, ZHOU Yahong¹, ZHAO Yuhang², WANG Yanfei²(

)

1 Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
2 School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

引用本文:

诸滔, 孙浩翔, 周亚洪, 赵宇航, 王艳飞. 氢扩散模型对临氢结构裂尖氢浓度计算影响[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(4): 1070-1080.
Tao ZHU, Haoxiang SUN, Yahong ZHOU, Yuhang ZHAO, Yanfei WANG. Effect of Hydrogen Diffusion Model on Hydrogen Concentration Calculation Around a Crack Tip in Hydrogen-exposed Structures[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(4): 1070-1080.

全文: PDF(4730 KB) HTML

摘要:

含裂纹临氢结构如储氢容器和输氢管道存在氢致开裂失效风险。对氢致开裂的预测或评定需要准确获知裂纹尖端的氢浓度。由于氢原子难以检测，一般通过数值分析方法研究氢的扩散和浓度分布，但所采用的氢扩散本构模型对氢浓度的计算存在影响。本文分别对氢扩散与陷阱耦合模型和只考虑静水应力诱导的氢扩散模型开发Abaqus子程序，以研究I型裂纹尖端前方在加载和保载过程中的氢扩散，分析了两种氢扩散模型在不同条件下氢浓度演化上的区别，为合理选择氢扩散模型去分析和预测氢致开裂提供参考。研究发现随着扩散速度变慢和材料强度的降低，加载时有氢陷阱模型与无氢陷阱的模型在可扩散氢分布的差别更明显；在较快扩散速度下，如果仅需可扩散氢分布，则两种扩散模型均可使用；低强度钢的稳态浓度分布强烈依赖于氢陷阱，而高强度钢的稳态浓度分布则随初始氢浓度升高而逐渐由静水应力控制，因此低强度钢需要考虑氢陷阱的影响，而高强度钢可使用无氢陷阱模型；氢陷阱对稳态氢浓度分布的影响随陷阱结合能增加而显著提升，氢陷阱结合能较低时可使用无氢陷阱模型；当考虑氢致软化时采用有氢陷阱的模型更合适。

关键词 ：氢扩散, 氢致开裂, 氢脆, 氢陷阱, 静水应力, 氢致软化

Abstract：

Hydrogen vessels and pipelines with cracks are at risk of hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) failure. Predicting or assessing HIC requires accurate knowledge of hydrogen concentration at the crack tip. Due to the difficulty related with directly detecting hydrogen atoms, numerical methods are commonly used to acquire the hydrogen diffusion and concentration distribution. However, the chosen diffusion constitutive model can significantly influence the calculation results of hydrogen concentration. Herein, for two selected hydrogen diffusion models, namely a model of hydrogen diffusion coupled with hydrogen trapping and another model of considering only the hydrostatic stress-induced hydrogen diffusion, an Abaqus subroutine was proposed to calculate the hydrogen diffusion around a mode I crack tip during loading and load-holding periods. The differences in hydrogen concentration evolution between the two models were evaluated under various conditions. The results showed that differences in diffusible hydrogen concentration evolution between the two models during loading became more pronounced when the diffusion rate was slower or the material had lower strength. If only the diffusible concentration is needed and the diffusion rate is fast, both diffusion models are applicable. The steady-state hydrogen concentration distribution in low-strength steels was strongly influenced by hydrogen trapping, whereas in high-strength steels, stress effects gradually dominated as the initial hydrogen concentration increased. Therefore, for low-strength steels, the hydrogen trapping effect must be considered, whereas for high-strength steels, it can be neglected. The effect of hydrogen trapping on steady-state hydrogen concentration distribution increased significantly with higher trap binding energy. When the trap binding energy was relatively low, the two models produced comparable results, allowing the use of the trapping-free diffusion model. However, the model with hydrogen trapping was more appropriate when hydrogen-induced softening was also considered. These results provide a valuable reference for selecting a diffusion model when analyzing the HIC behavior of metals.

Key words： hydrogen diffusion hydrogen-induced cracking hydrogen embrittlement hydrogen trapping hydrostatic stress hydrogen-induced softening

收稿日期: 2024-10-02 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.320

ZTFLH:

TG142

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(22208369);高等教育科学研究规划课题重点项目(23SYS0201);中国矿业大学安全学科群“双一流”省补创新项目(AQQ-SYLSB2003-0X);江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院科技项目(KJ(Y)2023049);江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院科技项目(KJ(Y)2023012)

通讯作者: 王艳飞，E-mail：wyf_hg@cumt.edu.cn，研究方向为金属材料氢脆及其防护

Corresponding author: WANG Yanfei, E-mail: wyf_hg@cumt.edu.cn

作者简介: 诸滔，女，1968年生，高级工程师

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Heat conduction		Diffusion
Governing equation	$ρ ∂ U ∂ t = ∇ ⋅ k ∇ T$	Governing equation	$∂ C ∂ t = ∇ ⋅ D ∇ C L$
Internal energy	$U = c p T$	Total concentration	$C = C L + C T$
Heat flux	$q = - k ∇ T$	Mass flux	$J = - D ∇ C L$
Temperature	T	Lattice concentration	C_L
Heat conductivity	k	Lattice diffusion coefficient	D_L
Heat capacity	c_p	-	D_L/D_app
Density	ρ	-	1

表1 热传导和扩散的类比

图1 应用于Abaqus的氢扩散子程序调用关系图

图2 模型的初始条件和边界条件及网格划分

表2 主要的材料常数

图3 低强度钢裂尖附近静水应力、塑性变形和氢浓度随加载时间的变化

图4 高强钢在130 s时NILS氢浓度以及静水应力分布

图5 裂尖附近的总氢浓度分布和氢覆盖率分布

图6 不同氢陷阱结合能下的裂尖附近总氢浓度和氢陷阱占据率分布

图7 纯铁屈服应力变化与总氢浓度的关系

图8 纯铁位错密度与等效塑性应变的关系

图9 裂尖附近氢致膨胀和静水应力及软化系数的分布

图10 裂尖附近氢浓度分布和不同分析类型下裂尖张开位移与塑性变形的比较

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