聚四氟乙烯对风电叶片聚氨酯涂层耐磨与耐雨蚀性能影响及损伤机制研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2024.228

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (4): 881-893 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.228 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2024.228

研究报告

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聚四氟乙烯对风电叶片聚氨酯涂层耐磨与耐雨蚀性能影响及损伤机制研究

郑子龙¹, 孙海静¹(

), 薛伟海², 陈国亮¹, 周欣¹, 王进军³, 段德莉², 孙杰¹

1 沈阳理工大学环境与化学工程学院沈阳 110159
2 中国科学院金属研究所沈阳 110016
3 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司沈阳 110034

Effects and Damage Mechanisms of Polytetrafluoroethylene on Wear and Rain Erosion Resistance of Polyurethane Coatings for Wind Turbine Blades

ZHENG Zilong¹, SUN Haijing¹(

), XUE Weihai², CHEN Guoliang¹, ZHOU Xin¹, WANG Jinjun³, DUAN Deli², SUN Jie¹

1 School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
2 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 Avic Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110034, China

引用本文:

郑子龙, 孙海静, 薛伟海, 陈国亮, 周欣, 王进军, 段德莉, 孙杰. 聚四氟乙烯对风电叶片聚氨酯涂层耐磨与耐雨蚀性能影响及损伤机制研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2025, 45(4): 881-893.
Zilong ZHENG, Haijing SUN, Weihai XUE, Guoliang CHEN, Xin ZHOU, Jinjun WANG, Deli DUAN, Jie SUN. Effects and Damage Mechanisms of Polytetrafluoroethylene on Wear and Rain Erosion Resistance of Polyurethane Coatings for Wind Turbine Blades[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(4): 881-893.

全文: PDF(30474 KB) HTML

摘要:

在风电叶片保护涂层中添加聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)常用于提高涂层的耐磨性、疏水性、抗结冰性等，然而却鲜有研究关注PTFE添加对耐雨蚀性能的影响。本文测试了含0%~5%PTFE的聚氨酯(PU)涂层的基本性能，使用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)重点探究了PTFE对涂层耐磨性与耐雨蚀性能的影响。耐磨性实验显示，涂层耐磨性随PTFE含量增加而提升，含5%时最佳。液滴冲蚀实验显示，与未添加PTFE的涂层相比，添加1%~2%PTFE的涂层耐冲蚀性变化不大，添加3%~5%PTFE的涂层耐冲蚀性急剧下降。SEM与EDS表明，涂层表面F元素聚集的位置萌生了针孔、起皮、剥落坑等缺陷，其数量随PTFE含量增大而增加。在耐磨性实验中，表面缺陷的存在能够存储碎屑使得涂层耐磨性提升；在液滴冲蚀实验中，液滴冲击涂层表面缺陷会加速涂层脱落，降低涂层的耐冲蚀性。

关键词 ： PTFE, PU涂层, 耐雨蚀性, 耐磨性, F元素聚集

Abstract：

Under actual operating conditions of wind turbine blades, rain erosion causes extremely severe damage to the coatings on wind turbine blades. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is often used to enhance the wear resistance, hydrophobicity, anti-icing, and anti-sand erosion properties of coatings. However, research on the impact of PTFE on the rain erosion resistance of coatings is lacking. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of PTFE on the wear resistance and rain erosion resistance of polyurethane (PU) protective coatings on wind turbine blades, as well as the damage mechanisms of these coatings. This study prepared PU coatings with different PTFE contents, tested the basic properties of the PU coatings. Additionally, the study explored the impact of varying amounts of PTFE on the erosion resistance of PU coatings under two different erosion conditions using a high-speed liquid drop erosion device. The study used a profilometer to characterize the macroscopic morphology of the coatings and measure the volume loss. It employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the microstructure of the coatings, and combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to analyze how PTFE influences the wear resistance and rain erosion resistance of the coatings. The wear resistance tests showed that the coating's wear resistance improved with increasing PTFE content, with the best performance observed at a mass fraction of 5%. The liquid drop erosion tests revealed that, compared to coatings without PTFE, coatings with 1%-2%PTFE exhibited little change in erosion resistance. However, coatings with 3%-5%PTFE experienced a sharp decrease in erosion resistance. SEM and EDS analysis indicated that fluorine (F) elements accumulated at specific locations on the coating surface, leading to the formation of defects such as pinholes, peeling, and delamination pits. Moreover, higher PTFE content in the coating correlated with an increased presence of surface defects.

Key words： PTFE PU coating rain erosion resistance wear resistance fluorine aggregation

收稿日期: 2024-07-27 32134.14.1005.4537.2024.228

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研面上项目(LJKMZ20220598);辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项(SYLUGXRC26)

通讯作者: 孙海静，E-mail：hjsun@sylu.edu.cn，研究方向为表面处理

Corresponding author: SUN Haijing, E-mail: hjsun@sylu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郑子龙，男，2000年生，硕士生

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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2024.228 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/881

表1 风电叶片PU涂料的基本配方

图1 样品制备与试验测试流程

图2 高速液滴冲蚀装置示意图

图3 不同喷嘴的三维形貌及相应冲蚀示意图

表2 风电叶片涂层基本性能要求与检测标准

表3 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层的性能检测结果

图4 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层的宏观形貌

图5 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层的质量损失随磨损周次的变化

图6 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在8.3 MPa雾化冲蚀2 h的体积损失变化

图7 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在2 h雾化冲蚀的不同阶段的表面形貌

图8 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在不同管道压力下雾化冲蚀30 min的体积损失

图9 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在不同管道压力下雾化冲蚀30 min后的表面形貌

图10 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在6.9 MPa管道压力和30°攻角下射流冲蚀30 min的体积损失变化

图11 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层在6.9 MPa管道压力和30°攻角下射流冲蚀不同时间后的表面形貌

图12 PU-5%涂层原始样片的表面形貌及其局部放大处EDS元素分布

图13 雾化冲蚀、射流冲蚀、耐磨性测试下涂层的损伤机制图

表4 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层中各元素占比

图14 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层原始样片的SEM像与EDS分析结果

图15 不同PTFE含量的PU涂层雾化冲蚀2 h后的表面形貌与元素分布

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