三水醋酸钠相变储热体系中铜换热管的局部腐蚀与寿命预测

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.283

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (4): 1045-1057 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.283 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.283

研究报告

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三水醋酸钠相变储热体系中铜换热管的局部腐蚀与寿命预测

马欢欢¹^,², 吕晟东³, 钱溢鑫², 林勇³, 郝湘平¹^,²(

), 张达威², 王鲁宁¹

^1.北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院北京 100083
^2.北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京 100083
^3.美的集团股份有限公司佛山 528311

Localized Corrosion and Service Life Prediction of Copper Heat Exchange Tubes in a Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage System

MA Huanhuan¹^,², LV Shengdong³, QIAN Yixin², LIN Yong³, HAO Xiangping¹^,²(

), ZHANG Dawei², WANG Luning¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^2.Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
^3.Midea Group Co. Ltd., Foshan 528311, China

引用本文:

马欢欢, 吕晟东, 钱溢鑫, 林勇, 郝湘平, 张达威, 王鲁宁. 三水醋酸钠相变储热体系中铜换热管的局部腐蚀与寿命预测[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(4): 1045-1057.
Huanhuan MA, Shengdong LV, Yixin QIAN, Yong LIN, Xiangping HAO, Dawei ZHANG, Luning WANG. Localized Corrosion and Service Life Prediction of Copper Heat Exchange Tubes in a Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage System[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(4): 1045-1057.

全文: PDF(33721 KB) HTML

摘要:

醋酸钠水合盐因其相变储能密度大、具备合适的熔点而被广泛应用于热水器储热系统之中，但这可能造成换热系统中Cu管腐蚀并引起换热器件寿命缩短。因此，研究相变材料服役环境下Cu管的腐蚀行为，预测服役寿命十分必要。通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射分析模拟实际工况下运行不同时间后热水器整机内部不同部位换热器Cu管微观形貌和腐蚀产物类型；通过共聚焦电镜评价腐蚀坑形貌深度；并进一步利用回归模型对不同部位换热器Cu管使用寿命进行预测。Cu直管、弯管、焊接区域的腐蚀为以孔蚀为主的局部腐蚀。其中，Cu弯管出现由拉压应力引起的微裂纹，其腐蚀程度比Cu直管严重，预测会在31 a后锈穿失效。Cu焊管伴随焊接引起的热裂纹和P的偏析，腐蚀最为严重，预测35 a后锈穿失效。这为热水器内部Cu构件的腐蚀与防护提供了进一步的参考信息。

关键词 ：三水醋酸钠, Cu管腐蚀, 孔蚀, 腐蚀机理, 寿命预测

Abstract：

Sodium acetate trihydrate, as a storage substance is widely employed in water heater thermal storage systems due to its high phase change energy storage density and suitable melting point. However, as a corrosive medium for Cu, the sodium acetate trihydrate may cause corrosion of Cu-tubes in heat exchange systems, leading to reduced service life of heat exchange components. Therefore, investigating the corrosion behavior of Cu-tubes in the presence of phase change substances in service conditions and predicting their service life are essential. Herein, the corrosion behavior, corrosion morphology and corrosion products of Cu-tubes were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These Cu-tubes, set at different locations within a water heater, were suffered from corrosion induced by simulated operation in actual conditions for varying durations. Meanwhile, the morphology and depth of the corrosion pits were also assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Furthermore, the service life of Cu-tubes set at different locations was predicted by means of a regression model. The corrosion observed on straight Cu-tubes, bent Cu-tubes, and welded joints manifested primarily as localized pitting corrosion. Notably, the bent Cu-tubes exhibited microcracks induced by tensile-compressive stresses, resulting in more severe corrosion compared to the straight tubes; It may be predicted that these tubes will fail due to corrosion perforation after 31 a. For the welded seams of Cu-tubes, there existed thermal cracks due to welding heat input and P element segregation, suffered from the most severe corrosion, while it may be predicted that they will fail due to corrosion perforation after 35 a. This evidence provides significant reference for understanding and mitigating the corrosion of Cu-components within water heaters.

Key words： sodium acetate trihydrate copper tube corrosion pitting corrosion corrosion mechanism life prediction

收稿日期: 2025-09-06 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.283

ZTFLH:

TG174

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52201062);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021B1515130009)

通讯作者: 郝湘平，E-mail：xphao@ustb.edu.cn，研究方向为金属材料腐蚀与防护

Corresponding author: HAO Xiangping, E-mail: xphao@ustb.edu.cn

作者简介: 马欢欢，男，2001年生，硕士生

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图1 Cu制换热管典型零部件

图2 不同时间下未除锈Cu直管宏观形貌

图3 Cu直管服役2500和4000 h后表面腐蚀坑形貌及对应CLSM测量结果

图4 不同时间下的Cu直管微观形貌

图5 不同时间段下Cu直管的XRD谱

图6 不同时间下未除锈Cu弯管弯曲区域宏观形貌

图7 Cu弯管服役2500和4000 h后表面腐蚀坑形貌及对应CLSM测量结果

图8 不同时间下Cu弯管弯曲区域微观形貌

图9 不同时间段下Cu弯管的XRD谱

图10 不同时间下未除锈Cu焊管宏观形貌

图11 Cu焊接弯管服役2500和4000 h后表面腐蚀坑形貌及对应的CLSM测量结果

图12 不同时间下Cu焊管表面微观形貌

图13 Cu管焊接处宏观形貌及热影响区微观缺陷

图14 热影响区中P偏析形貌及元素成分对比

图15 不同时间段下Cu焊管的XRD谱

图16 铜管表面保护性膜层失效机理过程

图17 不同时间下各Cu管部件腐蚀坑对比

表1 各Cu管部件不同时间下的腐蚀坑数据

图18 Cu管各部件寿命预测拟合曲线

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