In order to address the issue that the steel used in mining engineering in mining areas around the country is prone to failure due to corrosion caused by the high mineral containing mine waters with varying pH values. Herein, the corrosion behavior of 23MnNiMoCr54 steel in artificial high-mineralized mine waters with pH values of 5, 8, and 9 respectively was studied by means of immersion test, thickness loss measurement, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical tests etc in terms of the surface morphology, composition of corrosion products and evolution of electrochemical behavior of the steel. The corrosive medium selected was an artificial mineralized water with a mineralization degree of 10 g/L as precursor, then based on the actual situation of underground waters in typical mining areas around the country, three homogeneous but with different pH values (pH = 5, 8, and 9) of artificial mineralized waters were prepared. Results show that after immersion in the three high-mineralized mine waters respectively, the corrosion products of the steel were mainly composed of α-FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, and Fe₃O₄. Additionally, CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ were generated in neutral and weakly alkaline waters, while a higher content of calcium/magnesium-containing products may form in the weakly alkaline water. The corrosion kinetic characteristics followed the trend of "initial increase in corrosion rate, subsequent decrease in the middle stage, and stabilization in the late stage". In acidic high-mineralized mine water, the corrosion rate was consistently higher than that in neutral and weakly alkaline waters due to the incomplete and easily soluble products scale. In the weakly alkaline water, Fe₃O₄ synergistically formed a compact products scale with CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂, exhibiting the optimal corrosion inhibition effect, while the corrosion rate in the neutral water was intermediate between the other two. High-mineralized mine water exerted dual effects: on one hand, high concentrations of Cl^- and SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}-} accelerated matrix dissolution and product scale damage; on the other hand, it induced the enrichment of CaCO₃ and Mg(OH)₂ on the outer portion of rust scale in neutral and weakly alkaline waters, indirectly promoting the formation of a composite protective produts scale. The corrosive effect of aggressive ions (Cl^-, SO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}-}) in high-mineralized mine water and the pH-dependent structural evolution of the products scales are the core factors affecting the corrosion failure of the steel. The weakly alkaline water is conducive to the formation of a stable protective scale, whereas the acidic water may accelerate the corrosion failure. This study provides a scientific basis for the corrosion protection design for steels such as 23MnNiMoCr54 steel used in mining areas with different pH characteristics.