铅基堆结构材料液态金属腐蚀行为的研究进展

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.338

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (6): 1216-1224 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.338 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.338

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铅基堆结构材料液态金属腐蚀行为的研究进展

张心怡, 李聪(

), 汪禹熙, 黄美, 朱卉平, 刘芳, 刘洋, 牛风雷

华北电力大学核科学与工程学院北京 102206

Research Progress on Liquid Metal Corrosion Behavior of Structural Steels for Lead Fast Reactor

ZHANG Xinyi, LI Cong(

), WANG Yuxi, HUANG Mei, ZHU Huiping, LIU Fang, LIU Yang, NIU Fenglei

School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China

引用本文:

张心怡, 李聪, 汪禹熙, 黄美, 朱卉平, 刘芳, 刘洋, 牛风雷. 铅基堆结构材料液态金属腐蚀行为的研究进展[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(6): 1216-1224.
Xinyi ZHANG, Cong LI, Yuxi WANG, Mei HUANG, Huiping ZHU, Fang LIU, Yang LIU, Fenglei NIU. Research Progress on Liquid Metal Corrosion Behavior of Structural Steels for Lead Fast Reactor[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(6): 1216-1224.

全文: PDF(5407 KB) HTML

摘要:

铅基快堆作为第四代核能系统堆型之一，成为国内外近年来研究热点。作为铅基堆冷却剂的液态铅/铅铋，具备中子物理特性优良、安全特性高等优点，但其与结构钢的不相容性导致了液态金属腐蚀、脆化等一系列失效机制。结构钢在液态铅/铅铋中的腐蚀表现除了与液态金属的温度、流速、溶解氧浓度等环境参数密切相关外，也伴随着冲蚀力学失效和辐照损伤等因素导致的冲蚀-腐蚀、辐照-腐蚀耦合效应。本文从液态金属微观腐蚀机理、新型耐蚀合金成分设计和表面改性工艺的研发、冲蚀-腐蚀动态腐蚀装置的设计及液态铅/铅铋回路长期腐蚀预测模型、辐照-腐蚀协同效应相关实验平台的搭建等4个方面综述了国内外近年来在铅基堆结构材料腐蚀领域取得的理论和实验研究进展。

关键词 ：铅冷快堆, 液态金属腐蚀, 冲蚀, 辐照-腐蚀耦合

Abstract：

As a candidate of Generation IV fast reactors, Lead Fast Reactors (LFRs) have attracted global research interests for past decades. Liquid lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) are both proposed as the coolants for LFRs due to their favorable transmutation and breeding capability. However, the direct exposure to heavy liquid metals can lead to premature failures of the structural steels, such as liquid metal corrosion and liquid metal embrittlement. It has been widely proven that the corrosion performance of structural steels all depends on various environment parameters such as ambient temperature, the dissolved oxygen concentration in liquid metals, liquid flow pattern, and the co-existing irradiation. For the latter cases, liquid metal corrosion can therefore be generalized to erosion-assisted mechanical failure and irradiation damage. Here we reviewed the research progress on liquid metal corrosion issues theoretically and experimentally for LFRs. The progress can be categorized into following aspects: (1) microscopic liquid metal corrosion mechanism revealed by advanced material characterization methods as well as density functional theory, (2) development of anti-corrosion materials and surface modification techniques, (3) design of dynamic corrosion apparatus to investigate erosion-corrosion synergy in flowing liquid metals and long-term corrosion prediction modelling concerning primarily with liquid Pb/LBE loops, (4) introduction of various in-situ irradiation sources (i.e. neutrons, heavy ions and protons) to the liquid Pb/LBE corrosion apparatus to investigate the irradiation-corrosion synergistic effects.

Key words： lead-cooled fast reactors liquid metal corrosion erosion-corrosion synergy irradiation-corrosion synergy

收稿日期: 2022-10-30 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.338

ZTFLH:

TL214

基金资助:国家自然科学基金(12027813);国家重点研发计划(2022YFB1902503);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022MS035)

通讯作者: 李聪，E-mail: clever@ncepu.edu.cn，研究方向为液态铅铋回路氧控工艺及腐蚀防护

Corresponding author: LI Cong, E-mail: clever@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张心怡，女，1998年生，硕士生

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图1 4H-SiC与液态Pb/Bi接触的溶解腐蚀示意图[11]

图2 800 ℃铅铋腐蚀后FeCrAl合金样品截面同步X射线劳厄衍射平均峰宽分布图及对应于图2a中不同深度各点的局部劳厄衍射峰[13]

表1 高熵、非晶合金或涂层在液态铅或铅铋中的腐蚀研究汇总[20~27]

表2 国内外部分铅/铅铋动态腐蚀实验相关参数[36-48]

图3 流速5 m/s的铅铋垂直冲刷1000 h后T91钢截面铅铋侵蚀形貌，Kernel局部平均取向差及反极图+花样质量叠加图[36]

图4 LBE样品辐照装置，测试组件及辐照装置实体图[53]

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