Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr Alloy at 800 ℃

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.052

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2022, Vol. 42

Issue (5): 733-742 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.052

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Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr Alloy at 800 ℃

ZHANG Qin¹, LIANG Taosha², WANG Wen², ZHAO Langlang¹, JIANG Yuefeng¹(

)

^1.The 404 Company Limited, China National Nuclear Corporation, Lanzhou 732850, China
^2.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China

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Abstract

Nanocrystallization can increase the diffusion rate of alloying elements, such as Cr, Al, and then improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of metallic alloys due to the presence of high-volume fraction of grain boundaries. Up to now, the studies on the effect of nano-structure on the oxidation behavior of alloys mainly focus on the oxidation kinetics and the structure of oxide scale at steady stage. The microstructure of oxide scale formed on nano-structured alloys during oxidation, especially at the initial stage, is lack of characterization. At the same time, nano-structured alloys are far away from thermodynamic equilibrium state, which inevitably result in the grain coarsening during oxidation process. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the microstructure of oxide scale on nano-structured alloys to understand the relationship between grain coarsening of alloy and the formation of oxide scale on its surface. In this study, the oxidation behavior of coarse-grained (CG) and nanocrystalline (NC) Ni-12Cr alloys (mass fraction in nominal chemical composition) at 800 ℃ in air were studied. The NC alloy was prepared by severe plastic deformation, and the average grain size is around 42 nm. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) were used to characterize the microstructure and composition distribution of the scale. The results demonstrate that a two-layered scale, external NiO and internal Cr-rich layer, is formed on both of CG and NC alloys after oxidation for 25 s. The scale on CG alloy develops into a multilayered structure, which includes NiO/(NiO+NiCr₂O₄)/porous Cr₂O₃/internal oxidation zone after oxidation for 10 min, while the Cr-rich layer on NC alloy crystallizes and forms a protective Cr₂O₃ scale after oxidation for 2 min. The oxidation kinetics of NC alloy consists of two stages, both of which follow the parabolic law. The parabolic rate constants of the two stages are 1.76×10^-13 cm²·s^-1 (within 1 h) and 1.58×10^-14 cm²·s^-1 (1-109 h) respectively, both of which are about 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than that of CG alloy. The study on grain growth kinetics of alloy indicates that the protective chromia scale forms before the significant coarsening of nano-grain. According to Wagner theory with the effective diffusion coefficient, the critical grain size for Ni-12Cr alloy to change from internal oxidation to external oxidation is about 94 nm at 800 ℃.

Key words: Nanocrystalline Ni-Cr alloy high temperature oxidation selective oxidation

Received: 01 March 2022

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52101107);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703274);CNNC's 2021Young Talents Scientific Research Project(75)

Corresponding Authors: JIANG Yuefeng E-mail: jiangyfd@mail.ustc.edu.cn

About author: JIANG Yuefeng, E-mail: jiangyfd@mail.ustc.edu.cn

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	Qin ZHANG
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Cite this article:

ZHANG Qin, LIANG Taosha, WANG Wen, ZHAO Langlang, JIANG Yuefeng. Oxidation Kinetics and Microstructure Evolution of Nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr Alloy at 800 ℃. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2022, 42(5): 733-742.

URL:

https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2022.052 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2022/V42/I5/733

Fig.1 TEM microstructure (a) and grain size distribution (b) of as-deformed Ni-12Cr alloy

Fig.2 Oxidation kinetic curves (a) and parabolic rate constants of CG (b) and NC (c) Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 109 h. The inset in (Fig.2c) shows the enlarged view at the initial oxidation stage

Fig.3 Cross-sectional morphologies of coarse-grained Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 25 s (a), 10 min (b), 10 h (c) and 109 h (d)

Fig.4 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of coarse-grained Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 25 s, EDS mappings of Ni (b), Cr (c) and O (d) and elemental line scannings (e)

Fig.5 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of coarse-grained Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 10 min, EDS mappings of Ni (b), Cr (c) and O (d), NBD of layer I (e), SAED of layer II (f), NBDs of layer III (g) and layer IV (h), and EDS line scannings (i)

Fig.6 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 25 s, NBDs of layer i (b) and layger ii (c), EDS elemental mappings (d~f) and line scannings (g)

Fig.7 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 2 min, NBD (b), EDS mappings (c-e) and EDS line scannings (g)

Fig.8 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 1 h, EDS mappings (b-d) and EDS line scannings (e)

Fig.9 Cross-sectional STEM morphology (a) of nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr alloy at 800 ℃ in air for 10 h, EDS mappings (b-d) and EDS line scannings (e)

Fig.10 Grain size distributions of as-deformed and annealed nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr alloy after annealing at 800 ℃ in air for 25 s, 2 min and 10 h

Fig.11 Comparison of parabolic rate constants of coarse-grained and nanocrystalline Ni-12Cr with pure Ni^[31] and coarse-grained Ni-20Cr^[19,32]

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