Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Imidazoline Derivatives and Thiourea on X65 Steel Under Inert Deposits Scale in an Artificial CO2 Saturated Oilfield Produced Water

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.063

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (1): 220-232 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.063

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Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Imidazoline Derivatives and Thiourea on X65 Steel Under Inert Deposits Scale in an Artificial CO₂ Saturated Oilfield Produced Water

GAI Mingyue¹, ZHANG Jing¹^,²(

), WANG Chongkun¹, LI Xiumei¹

^1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

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GAI Mingyue, ZHANG Jing, WANG Chongkun, LI Xiumei. Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Imidazoline Derivatives and Thiourea on X65 Steel Under Inert Deposits Scale in an Artificial CO₂ Saturated Oilfield Produced Water. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(1): 220-232.

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Abstract

To solve the problem of under-deposit corrosion of X65 steel in CO₂-saturated oilfield-produced water, the corrosion inhibition performance of alkyl imidazolines (IM), thiourea (TU) and their compound corrosion inhibitors (TU/IM) on X65 steel under SiO₂ and CaCO₃ inert deposits was investigated using electrochemical analysis and surface analysis. The results show that the corrosion inhibition efficiency η of the three inhibitors may be ranked as η (TU/IM) > η (TU) > η (IM). When adopting IM as inhibitor, the formation of a continuous protective corrosion inhibitor film is difficulty on the steel surface under the two type scales of inert deposits, while the corrosion of metal under the SiO₂ deposits is accelerated, thus IM is poor in corrosion inhibition performance. For TU as a mixed-type inhibitor, both the cathodic and anodic reactions are suppressed, which may be due to that the S atoms of TU tend to coordinate with the empty d-orbitals of Fe atoms, thereby generate coordination chemical bonds, resulting in an electrons rich band in this region, which in turn enhance the stability and protection ability of the formed inhibitor film. Whereas, the TU/IM combination inhibitor demonstrate excellent synergistic inhibition effect, which may be ascribed to that TU initially formed a primary adsorption film on the steel through its superior diffusivity and adsorption capacity, while IM subsequently contributed hydrophobic chains to establish a secondary adsorption film, this dual-layered structure significantly enhances the corrosion inhibition effectiveness.

Key words: imidazoline derivatives inert deposits under-deposit corrosion synergistic effects adsorption films

Received: 25 February 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.063

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019MEM003)

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	GAI Mingyue
	ZHANG Jing
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	LI Xiumei

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.063 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I1/220

Fig.1 Macroscopic photos of working electrodes covered with inert deposits of SiO₂ (a) and CaCO₃ (b)

Fig.2 Molecular structures of IM (a) and TU (b)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of electrochemical testing device using X65 steel covered with SiO₂ or CaCO₃ inert deposit as working electrode

Fig.4 Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) plots of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion for 72 h in simulated solutions containing different concen-trations of IM

Fig.5 Equivalent circuit models fitting EIS: (a) only three elements, (b) with inductance

Table 1 Fitting data of EIS of electrode covered with SiO₂ in simulated solutions containing different concentrations of IM

Fig.6 Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) plots of of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion for 72 h in simulated solutions containing different ratios of TU and IM

Table 2 Fitting parameters of EIS of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion for 72 h in simulated solutions containing different mass ratios of TU and IM

Fig.7 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of X65 electrodes covered with SiO₂ (a) and CaCO₃ (b) after 72 h immersion at 25 ^oC in CO₂-saturated blank solution and simulated solutions contain-ing 100 mg/L corrosion inhibitors of TU, IM and TU/IM, respectively

Table 3 Fitting parameters of potentiodynamic polarization curves in Fig.7

Fig.8 EIS of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion for different time in blank solution (a) and corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (b), TU (c) and TU/IM (d)

Table 4 Fitting results of EIS of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion for different time in blank solution and various corrosion inhibition solutions

Fig.9 EIS of X65 electrode covered with CaCO₃ after immersion for different time in blank solution (a) and corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (b), TU (c) and TU/IM (d)

Table 5 Fitting results of EIS of X65 electrode covered with CaCO₃ after immersion in blank solution and various corrosion inhibition solutions for different time

Fig.10 Corrosion morphologies of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after 72 h immersion in blank solution (a) and corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (b), TU (c) and TU/IM (d)

Table 6 EDS determined compositions of the surfaces of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after immersion in blank solution and various corrosion inhibition solutions for 72 h (atomic fraction / %)

Fig.11 Corrosion morphologies of X65 electrode covered with CaCO₃ after 72 h immersion in blank solution (a) and corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (b), TU (c) and TU/IM (d)

Table 7 EDS determined compositions of the surfaces of X65 electrode covered with CaCO₃ after immersion in blank solution and various corrosion inhibition solutions for 72 h

Fig.12 XPS spectra of X65 electrode covered with SiO₂ after 72 h immersion in corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (a), TU (b) and TU/IM (c)

Fig.13 XPS spectra of X65 electrode covered with CaCO₃ after 72 h immersion in corrosion inhibition solutions containing IM (a), TU (b) and TU/IM (c)

Fig.14 Schematic diagrams of the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of IM (a), TU (b), and TU/IM (c) inhibitors on X65 carbon steel under SiO₂ and CaCO₃ scales

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