Research on Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Liner of Nuclear Containment Vessel Based on COMSOL Model

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (5): 1133-1139 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386

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Research on Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Liner of Nuclear Containment Vessel Based on COMSOL Model

LI Zhongcheng¹, CHEN Shenggang²(

), GUO Quanquan³, GUO Junying¹

^1.China Nuclear Power Design Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518031, China
^2.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
^3.School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

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Abstract

Nuclear containment vessel is the third barrier to avoid the nuclear leakage. It is noted that severe outer corrosion of steel liners happened in several containment vessels around the world, which greatly threatened the integrity and tightness of liners of containment vessel. The outer corrosion is a great safety risk because it is perceptually invisible and hard to be maintenance. To the authors' knowledge, researches related to the ratter of outer corrosion are scare. No authoritative corrosion mechanism has been proposed. Based on the operating reports of several nuclear power plants and a mesoscopic corrosion models established by COMSOL, the corrosion mechanisms of the outer corrosion of steel liners were analyzed in the views of effects of corrosive ions and foreign materials. Results revealed that a long-time exposure of steel liners in the marine environment will generate the non-uniform accumulation of corrosive ions on the outer surface of liners, which is the reason for the microcell corrosion of outer corrosion of steel liners. Corrosion rate in this condition is decided by the maximum content of the non-uniformly distributed chloride. Besides, foreign materials (mainly wood blocks) unintended left behind during pouring concrete will also lead to electro-chemical corrosion, in which macrocell corrosion plays an important role. The corrosion rate was accelerated along with the decrease of the touching surface size between foreign materials and steel liners and with the increase of area ratio of cathode and anode. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate can be effectively mitigated by enhancing the concrete resistivity. The achievements in this paper can provide technical reference for the aging mechanisms and aging prevention measures of nuclear containment.

Key words: containment steel liner corrosive ion foreign material macrocell corrosion microcell corrosion

Received: 07 December 2022 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.386

ZTFLH:

TU503

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFB1900903)

Corresponding Authors: CHEN Shenggang, E-mail: csg.1988@hotmail.com

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LI Zhongcheng, CHEN Shenggang, GUO Quanquan, GUO Junying. Research on Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Liner of Nuclear Containment Vessel Based on COMSOL Model. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(5): 1133-1139.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2023/V43/I5/1133

Fig.1 Mechanism diagram of electrochemical corrosion of nuclear containment

Fig.2 Mesoscale structure model of reinforced concrete of nuclear containment^[21]

Fig.3 Validation of the model of chlorion penetration in reinforced concrete

Fig.4 Comparison of corrosion current densities obtained by simulated calculation and experimental measurement^[26]

Fig.5 Profiles of chloride ions in the reinforced concrete of nuclear containment (50 a, mass fraction %)

Fig.6 Corrosion current density of steel liner as a function of the content of chloride ions

Fig.7 Distribution nephogram of corrosion potential in the outside of steel liner

Dimension mm×mm	$S c / S a$	$ρ$ Ω·m	$I$ A·m^-2	$v c$ mm·a^-1	T a
5×5	1599∶1	200	0.45	0.529	11.34
10×10	399∶1	200	0.28	0.329	18.23
20×20	99∶1	200	0.20	0.235	25.52
40×40	24∶1	200	0.15	0.176	34.03
80×80	5.25∶1	200	0.12	0.141	42.54
20×20	99∶1	20	0.62	0.73	8.22
20×20	99∶1	500	0.10	0.12	50.00
20×20	99∶1	1000	0.06	0.07	85.71

Table 1 Corrosion parameters of the outside of steel liner under the condition of foreign material existing

Fig.8 Effect of the size of foreign material on the corr-osion of steel liner: (a) corrosion current density, (b) corrosion rate

Fig.9 Influence of the electrical resistivity of reinforced concrete on the corrosion of steel liner

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