基于<strong>COMSOL</strong>的核电站安全壳钢衬里外侧腐蚀研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386

中国腐蚀与防护学报

2023, Vol. 43

Issue (5): 1133-1139 CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.386 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386

海洋材料腐蚀与防护及钢筋混凝土耐久性与设施服役安全专栏

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

基于COMSOL的核电站安全壳钢衬里外侧腐蚀研究

李忠诚¹, 陈圣刚²(

), 郭全全³, 郭俊营¹

^1.深圳中广核工程设计有限公司深圳 518031
^2.中国矿业大学力学与土木工程学院徐州 221116
^3.北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院北京 100191

Research on Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Liner of Nuclear Containment Vessel Based on COMSOL Model

LI Zhongcheng¹, CHEN Shenggang²(

), GUO Quanquan³, GUO Junying¹

^1.China Nuclear Power Design Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518031, China
^2.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
^3.School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

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摘要:

基于COMSOL建立了钢衬里外侧腐蚀细观模型，在总结多国核电站钢衬里外侧腐蚀案例基础上，从异物、离子侵蚀两个方面对钢衬里外侧腐蚀成因及腐蚀机理展开计算分析。结果表明：混凝土浇筑前钢衬里在海洋环境中的长期暴露可引起侵蚀离子的表面不均匀积累，引发钢衬里发生以微电池为主的腐蚀，腐蚀速率随留存最大Cl^-浓度的增大而增快；混凝土浇筑过程中遗留的异物 (以木块为主) 导致的钢衬里腐蚀以宏电池腐蚀为主，随着接触面处异物尺寸的减小，阴阳极面积比增大，腐蚀速率加快；同时，提高混凝土电阻率可有效降低钢衬里腐蚀速率。研究成果将为核电站安全壳的老化机理和防治措施提供技术参考。

关键词 ：安全壳, 钢衬里, 侵蚀离子, 异物, 宏电池腐蚀, 微电池腐蚀

Abstract：

Nuclear containment vessel is the third barrier to avoid the nuclear leakage. It is noted that severe outer corrosion of steel liners happened in several containment vessels around the world, which greatly threatened the integrity and tightness of liners of containment vessel. The outer corrosion is a great safety risk because it is perceptually invisible and hard to be maintenance. To the authors' knowledge, researches related to the ratter of outer corrosion are scare. No authoritative corrosion mechanism has been proposed. Based on the operating reports of several nuclear power plants and a mesoscopic corrosion models established by COMSOL, the corrosion mechanisms of the outer corrosion of steel liners were analyzed in the views of effects of corrosive ions and foreign materials. Results revealed that a long-time exposure of steel liners in the marine environment will generate the non-uniform accumulation of corrosive ions on the outer surface of liners, which is the reason for the microcell corrosion of outer corrosion of steel liners. Corrosion rate in this condition is decided by the maximum content of the non-uniformly distributed chloride. Besides, foreign materials (mainly wood blocks) unintended left behind during pouring concrete will also lead to electro-chemical corrosion, in which macrocell corrosion plays an important role. The corrosion rate was accelerated along with the decrease of the touching surface size between foreign materials and steel liners and with the increase of area ratio of cathode and anode. Meanwhile, the corrosion rate can be effectively mitigated by enhancing the concrete resistivity. The achievements in this paper can provide technical reference for the aging mechanisms and aging prevention measures of nuclear containment.

Key words： containment steel liner corrosive ion foreign material macrocell corrosion microcell corrosion

收稿日期: 2022-12-07 32134.14.1005.4537.2022.386

ZTFLH:

TU503

基金资助:国家重点研发项目(2019YFB1900903)

通讯作者: 陈圣刚，E-mail: csg.1988@hotmail.com，研究方向为混凝土结构及耐久性研究

Corresponding author: CHEN Shenggang, E-mail: csg.1988@hotmail.com

作者简介: 李忠诚，男，1971年生，教授级高级工程师

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引用本文:

李忠诚, 陈圣刚, 郭全全, 郭俊营. 基于COMSOL的核电站安全壳钢衬里外侧腐蚀研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2023, 43(5): 1133-1139.
LI Zhongcheng, CHEN Shenggang, GUO Quanquan, GUO Junying. Research on Corrosion Mechanism of Steel Liner of Nuclear Containment Vessel Based on COMSOL Model. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2023, 43(5): 1133-1139.

链接本文:

https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2022.386 或 https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2023/V43/I5/1133

图1 混凝土与钢衬里组合结构安全壳的电化学腐蚀机理图

图2 混凝土的细观结构模型[21]

图3 Cl-侵蚀模型试验验证

图4 腐蚀电流密度的模拟计算结果与试验结果对比[26]

图5 安全壳混凝土内Cl-含量分布图

图 6 钢衬里腐蚀电流密度随Cl-含量的变化

图7 钢衬里外侧腐蚀情况下腐蚀电压分布

Dimension mm×mm	$S c / S a$	$ρ$ Ω·m	$I$ A·m^-2	$v c$ mm·a^-1	T a
5×5	1599∶1	200	0.45	0.529	11.34
10×10	399∶1	200	0.28	0.329	18.23
20×20	99∶1	200	0.20	0.235	25.52
40×40	24∶1	200	0.15	0.176	34.03
80×80	5.25∶1	200	0.12	0.141	42.54
20×20	99∶1	20	0.62	0.73	8.22
20×20	99∶1	500	0.10	0.12	50.00
20×20	99∶1	1000	0.06	0.07	85.71

表1 异物影响下钢衬里外侧腐蚀状态参数

图8 异物尺寸对钢衬里腐蚀的影响

图9 混凝土电阻率对钢衬里腐蚀影响

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