最新录用 | 当期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 热点文章 | 虚拟专辑 | 阅读排行 | 下载排行 | 引用排行 | 期刊订阅

中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2024, 44(5): 1117-1124 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2023.381

综合评述

磁场对金属腐蚀影响的研究进展

朱立洋1,2, 陈俊全2, 张欣欣1, 董泽华1, 蔡光义,2

1 华中科技大学化学与化工学院 武汉 430074

2 海军工程大学 电磁能技术全国重点实验室 武汉 430034

Research Progress of Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Corrosion

ZHU Liyang1,2, CHEN Junquan2, ZHANG Xinxin1, DONG Zehua1, CAI Guangyi,2

1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

2 Nationa Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430034, China

通讯作者: 蔡光义，E-mail：cgy54@sina.cn，研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护

收稿日期: 2023-11-29   修回日期: 2024-01-22  

Corresponding authors: CAI Guangyi, E-mail:cgy54@sina.cn

Received: 2023-11-29   Revised: 2024-01-22  

作者简介 About authors

朱立洋，男，1997年生，博士生

摘要

随着越来越多的电磁设备应用在腐蚀环境下，磁场对金属腐蚀的影响成为一个不可忽略的因素。已有相关研究表明，磁场对金属腐蚀的促进或者抑制作用取决于具体的工况环境。普遍认为磁场主要通过Lorentz力和磁场梯度力影响电化学过程中的粒子运动来影响金属的电化学腐蚀过程，具体表现在金属腐蚀过程中的传质、界面反应和腐蚀产物这3个方面。本文综述了磁场中Lorentz力和磁场梯度力对金属腐蚀过程的具体影响，指出了磁场对电化学腐蚀影响未来研究和应用的方向。

关键词： 磁场 ; 金属腐蚀 ; Lorentz力 ; 磁场梯度力 ; 电化学

Abstract

With more and more electromagnetic equipment was applied in corrosion environment, the effect of magnetic field on metal corrosion has become a factor that cannot be ignored. It has been found that the promotion or inhibition effect of magnetic field on metal corrosion depends on the specific working environment. It is generally believed that the magnetic field affects the electrochemical process of particle movement mainly through the Lorentz force and magnetic field gradient force, so that to affect the electrochemical corrosion process of metal, specifically in the corrosion of metal in the process of mass transfer, interfacial reaction and corrosion products of these three aspects. This paper summarizes the specific effects of the Lorentz force and magnetic field gradient force on the metal corrosion process in the presence of magnetic fields, and puts forward the direction of the future research and application of the influence of magnetic field on the corrosion process of metallic materials.

Keywords： magnetic field ; metal corrosion ; Lorentz force ; magnetic field gradient force ; electrochemistry

PDF (6056KB) 元数据 多维度评价 相关文章 导出 EndNote| Ris| Bibtex  收藏本文

本文引用格式

朱立洋, 陈俊全, 张欣欣, 董泽华, 蔡光义. 磁场对金属腐蚀影响的研究进展. 中国腐蚀与防护学报[J], 2024, 44(5): 1117-1124 DOI:10.11902/1005.4537.2023.381

ZHU Liyang, CHEN Junquan, ZHANG Xinxin, DONG Zehua, CAI Guangyi. Research Progress of Effect of Magnetic Field on Metal Corrosion. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection[J], 2024, 44(5): 1117-1124 DOI:10.11902/1005.4537.2023.381

金属材料由于其优异的理化性能被广泛应用于桥梁建筑、海洋工程、航空航天等领域中[1]。金属材料在应用过程不可避免地与周围环境发生化学或电化学反应造成腐蚀，腐蚀不仅带来了巨大的经济损失和资源浪费，还会引起安全隐患[2,3]。随着电子技术和通信技术的发展，越来越多的设备需要在带有磁场或电场环境中服役，复杂的磁场环境与金属腐蚀耦合，金属腐蚀过程中产生的离子、电子移动、腐蚀产物结构及形态可能会受到磁场的影响[4,5]，使得金属的腐蚀行为复杂化。

目前，磁场对腐蚀过程的影响并没有统一的观点，已有研究中还存在相互矛盾的结果。其中，有研究表明磁场能抑制铜和铝箔在Cl-溶液中的腐蚀[6,7]，抑制FeCl3溶液中AISI 303不锈钢的腐蚀[8]，并且随着磁场强度的增大，磁场对金属腐蚀的抑制作用更明显。与此相反，还有研究表明磁场的存在促进了铁电极边缘的局部电化学腐蚀[9,10]。此外，有观点认为磁场对腐蚀电化学过程的影响主要体现在液相传质过程，对电荷转移步骤影响微乎其微，但也有研究认为磁场能促进镀锌钢[11]腐蚀电化学反应过程中的电荷转移步骤，抑制表面致密腐蚀产物的形成。因此，外加磁场对不同金属在不同溶液中的腐蚀程度和磁场产物影响不同，这可能取决于具体的实验条件，如电解质中离子的磁性、浓度，金属材质的磁性，磁场的大小和方向等[12,13]。

1 磁场对金属腐蚀的影响机理

关于磁场对金属腐蚀的影响，一般认为其对腐蚀电化学过程中反应物和反应产物的传质具有重要影响[14~16]，相关的机理通常可以用磁流体动力学理论(MHD)[17~19]和磁场梯度力理论(MFGF)[20~22]来解释。在金属腐蚀过程中，磁场会对电化学过程中运动的带电粒子施加作用力，包括Lorentz力、磁场梯度力和顺磁梯度力[9,23]。由于顺磁浓度梯度力与扩散的方向相同且在室温下数量级很小，它对传质过程产生的影响可以忽略[24,25]。因此，磁场对金属腐蚀的影响主要是Lorentz力和磁场梯度磁力。带电粒子在磁场中的运动产生Lorentz力[26]，可表示为：

FL⃗=I⃗×B⃗

其中，FL⃗是Lorentz力，I⃗是电流密度，B⃗是磁感应强度。显然，磁场的强度和方向决定了带电粒子所受Lorentz力的大小，当I⃗与B⃗方向垂直时Lorentz力最大。Lorentz力会影响极限扩散电流密度，引起对流作用于整个溶液，从而增强传质过程[25,27]。

磁场梯度力[28]是由磁场的不均匀分布产生的，磁场的不均匀分布可能源于外部磁场本身、磁性材料的磁化或者顺磁粒子的浓度梯度[29]。在这种宏观或微观的非均匀性磁场中，磁场梯度力[30,31]可表示为：

F∇B=χMcB∇Bμ0

其中，F∇B是磁场梯度力，χ是摩尔磁化率，c是浓度，B是磁感应强度，∇B是磁感应强度梯度，μ0是真空磁导率。

当顺磁离子存在或在腐蚀过程中产生时，磁场梯度力的作用比较明显，顺磁离子将受到磁场梯度力的作用向磁场梯度较大的电极表面移动。有研究表明在H2SO4溶液中Fe会发生局部不均匀溶解，不均匀程度随磁通密度的增加而增大，这是由于Fe磁性铁电极上磁通密度的不均匀分布以及由此导致的局部界面膜传质速率的增强所致[10,32,33]。White等[34,35]研究表明Fe微电极在均匀磁场中磁化会产生局部磁场梯度，这种梯度足以改变耗尽层中氧化还原物种的分布，Fe微电极的梯度力在大小上与Lorentz力相当，甚至可能更大。因此，磁场梯度力也会对传质过程起到重要作用，Lorentz力和磁场梯度力共同决定了磁场对金属腐蚀过程的影响。

2 磁场对金属腐蚀过程的影响分析

金属腐蚀一般涉及到3个过程[36~38]：腐蚀介质通过扩散和对流迁移到界面；在相界面发生反应；腐蚀产物从界面迁移到介质或金属表面形成覆盖膜。金属的腐蚀过程主要是电化学反应过程，此过程中的氧化还原反应伴随着电子、离子的运动，因此磁场中的Lorentz力和磁场梯度力通过影响相关粒子的运动来影响金属的腐蚀行为。关于磁场对金属腐蚀的影响已有大量研究，其相关的发现和结论主要体现在传质、界面反应和腐蚀产物这3个方面。磁场中金属腐蚀过程的主要影响因素、实验方法和主要结果总结如表1。

表1   磁场对金属腐蚀过程的影响总结

Table 1  Summary of the effects of magnetic field on the corrosion process of metals

Influence factorResearch methodMain result
Magnitude and direction of magnetic fieldChemical soakingLorentz force accelerates mass transfer
Concentration and magnetism and of ionsElectrochemical techniquesThe magnetic gradient force affects the distribution of paramagnetic particles
Magnetism of metalSurface analysisThe magnetic field affects the corrosion behavior of metals by influencing the electrochemical reaction process

新窗口打开| 下载CSV


2.1 磁场对腐蚀介质迁移的影响

磁场可以影响腐蚀介质中金属材料的电化学反应过程，特别是对液相传质过程的影响，而对电荷转移过程几乎没有影响。目前研究普遍认为磁场通过诱导溶液产生对流，从而增加了极限扩散电流密度，加速了传质过程[39~41]。任佩云等[42]通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析外加磁场0.4 T对不同铜合金腐蚀产物的影响，结果表明磁场不影响腐蚀产物元素种类(图1)，表明海洋大气环境下磁场并不影响金属的电化学反应机理，而是通过影响反应离子的浓度分布来影响反应速率。Lyu等[43~45]对磁场下Fe的腐蚀进行了大量的研究，结果表明外加磁场对由电子转移步骤(ETS)控制的阳极溶解速度几乎没有影响(图2 AB Tafel区域)，但对部分或全部由传质步骤(MTS)控制的阳极溶解速度有显著影响(图2 BC和CD区域)。当电流方向垂直于外加磁场时，因受Lorentz力的影响溶液中带电粒子的运动速度随磁感应强度的增大而增大，从而导致溶液的对流，加速传质过程，促进表面膜的溶解速度。

图1

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图1   有无磁场条件下海洋大气环境中曝露1 a后铜材表面腐蚀产物XRD谱[42]

Fig.1   XRD patterns of corrosion products formed on copper alloys after 1 a exposure in marine atmospheres with and without magnetic field[42]: (a) brass, (b) red copper, (c) bronze, (d) beryllium copper


图2

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图2   Fe在不同磁场条件下0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4溶液中的阳极极化曲线[43~45]

Fig.2   Anodic polarization curves of Fe in 0.5 mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution in different magnetic fields[43-45]


有研究[46]表明磁场对溶液中传质过程的影响类似机械搅拌作用，在Ni 0.40 mol/L HNO3 + 5.0 mmol/L NaCl体系中，磁场的存在会引起金属阳极极化过程中电流的变化，比较图3a1~d1和图3a2~d2可见，在不同电位下，无论电流增大、减小还是保持不变，磁场对镍阳极溶解的影响与搅拌的影响效果几乎相同。

图3

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图3   外加磁场(B = 400 mT)和搅拌对不同电位下I-t曲线的影响[46]

Fig.3   Effects of applied magnetic field (B = 400 mT) and agitation on I-t curve at different potentials[46]: (a) 0.16 V, (b) 0.28 V, (c) 0.335 V, (d) 0.40 V


磁场的大小和方向等特性对溶液中金属阳极溶解有着特殊影响。有研究[13]认为离子的传质控制着点蚀坑的稳定性，磁场可能通过影响传质过程来影响点蚀。磁场可以通过高场梯度力和Lorentz力的作用使铁磁性金属(Fe、Co或Ni)中的点蚀坑附近产生局部搅拌。如图4a，磁场平行于铁磁电极表面的点蚀坑时会引发局部搅拌作用，有助于将腐蚀产物输送出腔体并用新鲜溶液补充腔体，从而增加传质极限电流。当磁场垂直于电极表面时(图4b)，场梯度力会将顺磁腐蚀产物引向金属表面，因此靠近点蚀坑表面边缘的金属离子容易达到饱和，腐蚀产物的覆盖充当保护层从而抑制了点蚀溶解。Wang等[47]研究磁场对Ni在HNO3 + NaCl溶液中腐蚀的影响也得出一样的结论，施加平行磁场时Lorentz力加强了传质过程，而施加垂直磁场梯度磁力抑制了对流，增加了电极/电解液界面局部位置的腐蚀产物的浓度。

图4

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图4   磁场对铁磁电极上人造点蚀坑的影响示意图[13]

Fig.4   Schematic representation of the effect of magnetic field on artificial pitting pits on ferromagnetic electrodes[13]: (a) magnetic field is parallet to the pit surface, (b) magnetic field is perpendicular to the pit surface


2.2 磁场对相界面反应的影响

磁场对金属腐蚀电化学过程有一定影响，磁场中Lorentz力对带电粒子的作用力和磁场梯度力对顺磁性粒子的作用可能会造成金属/溶液界面内离子浓度和排列分布差异，引起双电层电容的变化，进而影响到界面反应过程。当界面发生变化时，电极附近溶液浓度会发生改变，金属的腐蚀过程被促进或抑制。Yu等[48]认为Cu在室温薄层NaCl溶液下，磁场中Lorentz力可以改变离子的运动轨迹，降低了OH-和Cl-向电极表面的迁移速度，从而抑制了相界面反应中CuO和可溶性CuCl2的形成，减少电极表面腐蚀产物的形成(图5)，提高了Cu的耐蚀性。

图5

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图5   铜样品在0 T和0.14 T磁场下暴露36 h后的SEM图像[48]

Fig.5   SEM images of copper samples exposed for 36 h in the magnetic fields of 0 T (a) and 0.14 T (b)[48]


Busch等[49]认为Lorentz力会使Fe/溶液界面处铁磁性Fe2+更容易脱附，导致其水合作用下降，Fe的溶解过程被加速；另一方面Fe和Fe2+磁矩的差异产生了使Fe2+吸附于界面的力，抑制了Fe的溶解。最终Fe的溶解速率就取决于上述两种力的大小，一般情况下弱磁场抑制腐蚀，而强磁场促进了腐蚀过程。Ghabashy[50]的研究也验证了这种规律，与无磁场条件下钢的腐蚀速率相比，在磁场强度较小时，钢的腐蚀速率降低；随着磁场强度的增加，钢的腐蚀速率逐渐增大，并可能超过无磁场时的腐蚀速率。

文献[51,52]认为铝镁合金会在NaCl溶液中腐蚀最先形成顺磁性粒子Al+ad，在顺磁梯度力的作用下使Al+ad聚集在铝合金电极表面，造成铝电极表面Al+ad浓度升高，并阻碍Al向Al+ad转变的反应过程，进而降低反应过程中生成Al3+的浓度，因此外加磁场会降低扩散层Al3+密度，减缓合金的腐蚀速率，降低腐蚀倾向。然而对于文献中提到的Al+ad是否能够稳定存在，在顺磁梯度力的作用下聚集在铝合金表面，并造成铝电极表面Al+ad浓度升高可能是难以确定的，这可能需要进一步研究讨论并加以证实。因为文献中也有提到Al+ad是铝合金腐蚀过程中不稳定的活性中间离子，极易失去电子或与水反应变成Al3+和Al(OH)3。

2.3 磁场对腐蚀产物的影响

磁场可以改变离子的运动从而影响腐蚀产物膜的生成、成分、破裂、剥落以及致密度等，进而促进或抑制金属的腐蚀行为。

Zhao等[53]研究表明对于Fe83Ga17合金，沿不同方向施加磁场时，顺磁性物质的分布差异使得V型槽腐蚀被增强或抑制。垂直于V型槽(B1)施加磁场时从V型槽底部开始沿垂直轴方向的磁通密度逐渐下降并趋向稳定[54]，因此会出现一个指向V型槽内部的MFGF，它可以将顺磁性的氧分子和FeCl2吸引到V型槽内部，促进V型槽内的腐蚀。当磁场平行于V型槽(B2)时，腐蚀过程将相反，指向V型槽外部的MFGF可以将氧分子和FeCl2吸引到V型槽外部，减弱V型槽内部的腐蚀。当磁场沿V型槽的法线(B3)时，MFGF指向远离V型槽的两个表面，影响V型槽的上半部，吸引V型槽外部的顺磁离子(氧分子和FeCl2)，而对V型槽的下半部影响不大。因此，V型槽内部的腐蚀受到轻微抑制。

Li等[55]研究了Fe78Si9B13玻璃合金在磁场作用下的腐蚀行为，结合EIS、EDS和XPS分析表明在0.2 T磁场作用下，磁场增强了非保护性Fe2O3的形成，诱发了应力集中，从而促进了保护性氧化硅膜的开裂，导致了严重的腐蚀。Hu等[56]研究表明磁场改变了铍铜的表面形貌和腐蚀产物中氧的分布，在低NaCl浓度下(图6a)，0.4 T磁场下样品表面可以看到立方体状的团簇，磁场下腐蚀产物中氧含量的增加表明磁场加速了腐蚀过程。而在高浓度NaCl情况下(图6b)，在没有磁场的情况下，样品表面可以看到雪花状的腐蚀产物，0.4 T磁场作用下铜样品腐蚀产物中氧含量下降，表明磁场抑制了铍铜的腐蚀。Zhao等[29]研究表明磁场可以通过增强电荷转移电阻Rct和磁离子吸附引起的感抗电阻RL(图7)，两种方式影响碳钢表面中间产物FeOOH的形成，增强碳钢表面腐蚀产物的致密性，从而有效抑制碳钢的腐蚀行为。

图6

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图6   铍铜在0 T和0.4 T磁场下浸入1%和3.5% NaCl溶液中15 d后的SEM图像和腐蚀产物化学成分[56]

Fig.6   SEM images (a1, a2, b1, b2) and chemical compositions (a3, b3) of the corrosion products formed on beryllium copper after immersion in 1% (a) and 3.5% (b) NaCl solutions for 15 d in 0 T (a1, a2) and 0.4 T (b1, b2) magnetic fields


图7

新窗口打开| 下载原图ZIP| 生成PPT

图7   Rs、Rct和RL随预处理磁场强度的变化[29]

Fig.7   Changes of Nyquist (a), Bode (b) and Rs (c) values with magnetic field intensity in pre-treatment process[29]


3 总结与展望

磁场对金属腐蚀过程的影响主要通过Lorentz力和磁场梯度力来实现。磁场强度和方向决定了带电粒子所受Lorentz力的大小，Lorentz力会影响极限扩散电流密度，引起对流从而增强传质过程。磁场梯度力会使顺磁性粒子在高磁通量的区域集中，进而影响电化学反应过程。磁场对金属腐蚀过程的影响具体表现在金属腐蚀过程中的传质、界面反应和腐蚀产物这3个方面。

目前，由于实验条件等因素的局限性，大多数研究是局限于静态均匀磁场，并且磁场强度较低(0.5 T及以下)。对于实际应用中电气设备引起的复杂磁场环境，如非均匀磁场、交变磁场、强磁场等条件下对金属的腐蚀影响还需进一步研究，从而更好的采取防护措施避免磁场加速金属腐蚀影响设备安全服役。

目前，磁场已被证明可以改变水的物理化学性质，对溶解、沉积、凝固等方面产生影响，有效防止和减少水垢、油垢、石蜡沉积等，在工业设备管路抑垢、缓蚀等方面应用前景广阔。其次，通过磁场增强传质和磁场梯度力促进零价铁(ZVI)的腐蚀可以有效促进污染水中零价铁对Se(IV)、As(V)和Cu2+等污染物的去除[9]，磁场处理是污染水处理中一种很有前景的环保方法。此外，磁场引起的磁流体动力学效应已被证明可以引起电化学沉积时钴、锌镍合金等金属沉积物的表面形态、相成分、结构等变化，从而可以合理地调控合金成分和性质，提高其耐蚀能力。

参考文献

Liu Y C, Xian H, Zhang C H, et al.

Review on corrosion and surface treatment technology of metal materials

[J]. Electron. Prod. Reliab. Environ. Test, 2023, 41(4): 7

[本文引用: 1]

刘妍岑, 鲜 行, 张从浩 等.

金属材料腐蚀及表面处理技术研究综述

[J]. 电子产品可靠性与环境试验, 2023, 41(4): 7

[本文引用: 1]

Hou B R.

Corrosion cost and economic development

[J]. Sci. Technol. Ind. China, 2020, (2): 21

[本文引用: 1]

侯保荣.

腐蚀成本与经济发展

[J]. 中国科技产业, 2020, (2): 21

[本文引用: 1]

Wu P P, Gao L X, Lyu Z P, et al.

Research progress of carbon quantum dots in metal corrosion protection

[J]. Corros. Prot., 2022, 43(11): 83

[本文引用: 1]

吴盼盼, 高立新, 吕战鹏 等.

碳量子点在金属腐蚀防护中的研究进展

[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2022, 43(11): 83

[本文引用: 1]

Zhang P, Zhu Q, Su Q, et al.

Corrosion behavior of T2 copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution treated by rotating electromagnetic field

[J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2016, 26: 1439

[本文引用: 1]

Zhang X, Wang Z H, Zhou Z H, et al.

Impact of magnetic field on corrosion performance of Al-Mg alloy with different electrode potential phases

[J]. Intermetallics, 2021, 129: 107037

[本文引用: 1]

Li J N, Zhang P, Guo B.

Effects of rotating electromagnetic on flow corrosion of copper in seawater

[J]. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2011, 21: s489

[本文引用: 1]

Chiba A, Kawazu K, Nakano O, et al.

The effects of magnetic fields on the corrosion of aluminum foil in sodium chloride solutions

[J]. Corros. Sci., 1994, 36: 539

[本文引用: 1]

Ručinskien≐ A, Bikulčius G, Gudavičiūt≐ L, et al.

Magnetic field effect on stainless steel corrosion in FeCl3 solution

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2002, 4: 86

[本文引用: 1]

Jiang X, Qiao J L, Lo I M C, et al.

Enhanced paramagnetic Cu2+ ions removal by coupling a weak magnetic field with zero valent iron

[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2015, 283: 880

DOI      PMID      [本文引用: 3]

A weak magnetic field (WMF) was proposed to enhance paramagnetic Cu(2+) ions removal by zero valent iron (ZVI). The rate constants of Cu(2+) removal by ZVI with WMF at pH 3.0-6.0 were -10.8 to -383.7 fold greater than those without WMF. XRD and XPS analyses revealed that applying a WMF enhanced both the Cu(2+) adsorption to the ZVI surface and the transformation of Cu(2+) to Cu(0) by ZVI. The enhanced Cu(2+) sequestration by ZVI with WMF was accompanied with expedited ZVI corrosion and solution ORP drop. The uneven distribution of paramagnetic Cu(2+) along an iron wire in an inhomogeneous MF verified that the magnetic field gradient force would accelerate the paramagnetic Cu(2+) transportation toward the ZVI surface due to the WMF-induced sharp decay of magnetic flux intensity from ZVI surface to bulk Cu(2+) solution. The paramagnetic Fe(2+) ions generated by ZVI corrosion would also accumulate at the position with the highest magnetic flux intensity on the ZVI surface, causing uneven distribution of Fe(2+), and facilitate the local galvanic corrosion of ZVI, and thus, Cu(2+) reduction by ZVI. The electrochemical analysis verified that the accelerated ZVI corrosion in the presence of WMF partly arose from the Lorentz force-enhanced mass transfer.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Li H J, Xiong Q, Lu Z P, et al.

A magnetic field induced undulated surface and the shift of the active/passivation transition threshold of iron in a sulfuric acid solution

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2017, 129: 179

[本文引用: 2]

Li P F, Chen Y B, Huang H W, et al.

Investigation of corrosion behavior of galvanized steel as submarine cable armor in seawater under weak magnetic fields

[J]. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 2023, 18: 100264

[本文引用: 1]

Yang Y, Zhang Q B, Zhu W C, et al.

Effect of magnetic field on corrosion behavior of X52 pipeline steel in NaCl solution

[J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2022, 42: 501

[本文引用: 1]

杨 永, 张庆保, 朱万成 等.

磁场对NaCl溶液中X52管线钢腐蚀行为的影响

[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42: 501

[本文引用: 1]

Tang Y C, Davenport A J.

Magnetic field effects on the corrosion of artificial pit electrodes and pits in thin films

[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2007, 154: C362

[本文引用: 4]

Zheng B J, Li K J, Liu H F, et al.

Effects of magnetic fields on microbiologically influenced corrosion of 304 stainless steel

[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2014, 53: 48

[本文引用: 1]

Zhang L, Hu P H, Zhou Q, et al.

Effects of pulsed magnetic field on microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion behavior of Mg-7Zn alloy

[J]. Mater. Lett., 2017, 193: 224

Leventis N, Dass A.

Demonstration of the elusive concentration-gradient paramagnetic force

[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127: 4988

PMID      [本文引用: 1]

Using classical electrochemistry, it is demonstrated that the concentration-gradient paramagnetic force, FnablaC, is a body force proportional to |B|2 acting parallel to the concentration gradient of electrogenerated radicals. FnablaC can balance gravity, holding volumes of solution wherein mass transfer continues to take place by diffusion. In contrast to usual levitation forces, FnablaC does not depend on field gradients and may be present even in homogeneous magnetic fields. Understanding the properties of FnablaC is relevant to magnetic confinement and levitation and is speculated even to propulsion with objects having permanent susceptibility gradients.

Zhu C Y, Miao L Y, Xie J H, et al.

Magnetic field effects on the corrosion behavior of magnetocaloric alloys LaFe13.9Si1.4 under paramagnetic states

[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2023, 968: 171901

[本文引用: 1]

Perov N S, Sheverdyaeva P M, Inoue M.

Investigations of the magnetic field effect on electrochemical processes

[J]. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2004, 272-276: 2448

Yuan B Y, Zhang J L, Gao G F, et al.

Dynamic observation of the diffusion layer in anodic processes of the Fe/H2SO4 system with digital holography

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2013, 27: 116

[本文引用: 1]

Ragsdale S R, Grant K M, White H S.

Electrochemically generated magnetic forces. Enhanced transport of a paramagnetic redox species in large, nonuniform magnetic fields

[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120: 13461

[本文引用: 1]

Aaboubi O, Chopart J P, Douglade J, et al.

Magnetic field effects on mass transport

[J]. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990, 137: 1796

Li J X, Qin H J, Zhang W X, et al.

Enhanced Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron coupled with weak magnetic field: role of magnetic gradient force

[J]. Sep. Purif. Technol., 2017, 176: 40

[本文引用: 1]

Sueptitz R, Tschulik K, Uhlemann M, et al.

Effect of magnetization state on the corrosion behaviour of NdFeB permanent magnets

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2011, 53: 2843

[本文引用: 1]

Weier T, Eckert K, Mühlenhoff S, et al.

Confinement of paramagnetic ions under magnetic field influence: lorentz versus concentration gradient force based explanations

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9: 2479

[本文引用: 1]

Zhao S L.

Magnetic field effects on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of Fe-Ga alloy

[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2021

[本文引用: 2]

赵素丽.

磁场作用下Fe-Ga合金腐蚀及应力腐蚀行为研究

[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2021

[本文引用: 2]

Monzon L M A, Coey J M D.

Magnetic fields in electrochemistry: the lorentz force. A mini-review

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2014, 42: 38

[本文引用: 1]

Mühlenhoff S, Mutschke G, Koschichow D, et al.

Lorentz-force-driven convection during copper magnetoelectrolysis in the presence of a supporting buoyancy force

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2012, 69: 209

[本文引用: 1]

Sueptitz R, Tschulik K, Uhlemann M, et al.

Magnetic field effects on the active dissolution of iron

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56: 5866

[本文引用: 1]

Zhao S Z, Wang Y X, Zhao Y X, et al.

The effect of magnetic field pretreatment on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in static seawater

[J]. RSC Adv., 2020, 10: 2060

DOI      PMID      [本文引用: 4]

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel pretreated with a magnetic field before electrochemical testing was investigated in static seawater using electrochemical methods in the absence of an external magnetic field. The shift in corrosion potential was more significant with increasing pretreating magnetic field strength, and the corrosion current density also decreased. This implies that the carbon steel corrosion was inhibited. The main reason for this inhibition is that the magnetic field affects the formation of intermediate products on the carbon steel surface by both charge transfer and magnetic ion adsorption. The magnetic field pretreatment will likely offer a new approach for marine anti-corrosion technology.This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Sueptitz R, Tschulik K, Uhlemann M, et al.

Retarding the corrosion of iron by inhomogeneous magnetic fields

[J]. Mater. Corros., 2014, 65: 803

[本文引用: 1]

Zhao S L, You Z F, Zhang X W, et al.

Magnetic field effects on the corrosion and electrochemical corrosion of Fe83Ga17 alloy

[J]. Mater. Charact., 2021, 174: 110994

[本文引用: 1]

Lyu Z P, Huang D L, Yang W, et al.

Effects of an applied magnetic field on the dissolution and passivation of iron in sulphuric acid

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2003, 45: 2233

[本文引用: 1]

Sueptitz R, Koza J, Uhlemann M, et al.

Magnetic field effect on the anodic behaviour of a ferromagnetic electrode in acidic solutions

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2009, 54: 2229

[本文引用: 1]

Pullins M D, Grant K M, White H S.

Microscale confinement of paramagnetic molecules in magnetic field gradients surrounding ferromagnetic microelectrodes

[J]. J. Phys. Chem., 2001, 105B: 8989

[本文引用: 1]

Grant K M, Hemmert J W, White H S.

Magnetic focusing of redox molecules at ferromagnetic microelectrodes

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 1999, 1: 319

[本文引用: 1]

Li X J.

Study of effects of magnetic field on electrodissolution of metallic materials by the digital holography

[D]. Xuzhou: Jiangsu Normal University, 2017

[本文引用: 1]

李希娇.

基于数字全息术研究磁场作用下金属的阳极溶解过程

[D]. 徐州: 江苏师范大学, 2017

[本文引用: 1]

Xu N.

Corrosion behavior of oilfield sewage pipelines under magnetic field

[D]. Xi’an: Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2005

徐 楠.

磁场作用下油田污水管线腐蚀行为的研究

[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2005

Li T Y.

Effect of magnetic field on the corrosion electrochemical behavior of dissimilar metals under different immersion states

[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum (East China), 2023

[本文引用: 1]

李同跃.

磁场对异种金属在不同浸没状态下的腐蚀电化学行为影响

[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2023

[本文引用: 1]

Hinds G, Coey J M D, Lyons M E G.

Magnetoelectrolysis of copper

[J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1998, 83: 6447

[本文引用: 1]

Noninski V C.

Magnetic field effect on copper electrodeposition in the Tafel potential region

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1997, 42: 251

Wang C, Chen S H.

Holographic microphotography study of periodic electrodissolution of iron in a magnetic field

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 1998, 43: 2225

[本文引用: 1]

Ren P Y, Li R X, Wu X.

Corrosion behavior of copper materials in marine atmosphere under action of magnetic fiel

[J]. Corros. Prot., 2019, 40: 419

[本文引用: 3]

任佩云, 李瑞雪, 吴 旭.

磁场作用下铜材在海洋大气中的腐蚀行为

[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2019, 40: 419

[本文引用: 3]

Lyu Z P, Huang D L, Yang W.

Probing into the effects of a magnetic field on the electrode processes of iron in sulphuric acid solutions with dichromate based on the fundamental electrochemistry kinetics

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2005, 47: 1471

[本文引用: 3]

Lyu Z P, Yang W.

In situ monitoring the effects of a magnetic field on the open-circuit corrosion states of iron in acidic and neutral solutions

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2008, 50: 510

Lu Z P, Shoji T, Yang W.

Anomalous surface morphology of iron generated after anodic dissolution under magnetic fields

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2010, 52: 2680

[本文引用: 3]

Li L, Wang W J, Wang C, et al.

Effects of an applied magnetic field on the anodic dissolution of nickel in HNO3+Cl- solution

[J]. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11: 2109

[本文引用: 3]

Wang X P, Zhao J J, Hu Y P, et al.

Effects of the Lorentz force and the gradient magnetic force on the anodic dissolution of nickel in HNO3+NaCl solution

[J]. Electrochim. Acta, 2014, 117: 113

[本文引用: 1]

Yu X Y, Wang Z H, Lu Z H.

Atmospheric corrosion behavior of copper under static magnetic field environment

[J]. Mater. Lett., 2020, 266: 127472.

[本文引用: 3]

Busch K W, Busch M A, Parker D H, et al.

Studies of a water treatment device that uses magnetic fields

[J]. Corrosion, 1986, 42: 211

[本文引用: 1]

Ghabashy M A.

Effect of magnetic field on the rate of steel corrosion in aqueous solutions

[J]. Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 1988, 35: 12

[本文引用: 1]

Huang L P, Zhang X, Xiong Y M, et al.

Corrosion behavior of Al-3.0Mg- x RE/Fe alloys under magnetic field of different intensities

[J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2022, 42: 833

[本文引用: 1]

黄连鹏, 张 欣, 熊伊铭 等.

不同磁场强度下铝镁合金腐蚀行为研究

[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2022, 42: 833

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、能谱分析仪 (EDS) 和电化学工作站研究了不同磁场强度下铝镁合金的腐蚀行为,探索了磁场强度对不同物相特性铝镁合金腐蚀行为的作用规律。研究结果表明：与普通环境相比,磁场中Al-3.0Mg-xRE/Fe合金的腐蚀电位、点蚀电位均升高,腐蚀电流密度降低,浸泡后点蚀坑数量和尺寸均减少,磁场能够一定程度地降低Al-3.0Mg-xRE/Fe合金的腐蚀和点蚀敏感性及腐蚀速率。随着磁场强度的增高,磁场抑制合金腐蚀的作用增强。

Yang G H, Zhou Z H, Zhang X, et al.

Influence of magnetic field on corrosion behavior of Al-Mg alloys with different Mg content

[J]. J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot., 2021, 41: 633

[本文引用: 1]

杨光恒, 周泽华, 张欣 等.

磁场作用下不同Mg含量Al-Mg合金腐蚀行为研究

[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2021, 41: 633

DOI      [本文引用: 1]

通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、电化学工作站研究了磁场对不同Mg含量Al-Mg合金腐蚀行为的影响；通过自制磁场装置对氯化钠溶液进行磁化处理，研究磁场对溶液性质的影响。探究磁场对带电粒子的作用和磁场对溶液性质的改变对铝镁合金腐蚀过程的影响差异。结果表明，溶液经过磁场处理后，pH和电导率增加，进而导致合金的腐蚀速率升高。在磁场的作用下，顺磁粒子Al<sub>ad</sub><sup>+</sup>被聚集在合金表面，抑制腐蚀进一步发展，从而降低了铝镁合金的腐蚀速率。磁场对带电粒子的作用大于溶液pH和电导率变化对合金腐蚀行为的影响，因此整体上导致合金腐蚀速率的降低。

Zhao S L, Bai J J, You Z F, et al.

Effect of a magnetic field on stress corrosion cracking of Fe83Ga17 alloy

[J]. Corros. Sci., 2020, 167: 108539

[本文引用: 1]

Sato A, Ogiwara H, Miwa T, et al.

Influence of high magnetic field on the corrosion of carbon steel

[J]. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 2002, 12: 997

[本文引用: 1]

Li Y J, An B, Wang Y G, et al.

Severe corrosion behavior of Fe78Si9B13 glassy alloy under magnetic field

[J]. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2014, 392/393: 51

[本文引用: 1]

Hu J, Dong C F, Li X G, et al.

Effects of applied magnetic field on corrosion of beryllium copper in NaCl solution

[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26(4): 355

[本文引用: 2]

<p>The effects of an applied magnetic field on the corrosion process of beryllium copper in NaCl solution have been investigated by electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that a horizontal magnetic field with 0.4 T barely shifted the open circuit potentials (<em>E</em><sub>corr</sub>) of beryllium copper in NaCl solution with different concentrations. However, the horizontal magnetic field increased the limiting current density of beryllium copper in NaCl solution with low concentration, while decreased the limiting current density of beryllium copper in NaCl solution with high concentration. It was found that magnetic field accelerated the diffusion of CuCl<sup>2-</sup> away from the electrode surface and delayed the formation of Cu<sub>2</sub>O. The results of SEM and EDS showed that the influence of magnetic<br />field over the elements distribution of the corrosion products differed from the di&reg;erent concentration of the immersion solution.</p>

/

〈 〉


版权所有 © 2017 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》编辑部　
地址: 沈阳市文化路72号, 中国科学院金属研究所(110016)
电话: +86-024-23971318，024-23971819　E-mail: jcscp@imr.ac.cn
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发 技术支持：support@magtech.com.cn