Evolution of Corrosion Products Film and Corrosion Behavior of C110 Steel Under High-temperature and High-pressure O2-CO2 Atmosphere in a Simulated Drilling Fluid with High Mineral Content and High Concentration of Ca2+

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.195

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2026, Vol. 46

Issue (3): 821-832 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.195

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Evolution of Corrosion Products Film and Corrosion Behavior of C110 Steel Under High-temperature and High-pressure O₂-CO₂ Atmosphere in a Simulated Drilling Fluid with High Mineral Content and High Concentration of Ca²⁺

ZHAO Mifeng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, HU Fangting¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LIU Yanming⁵(

), SONG Wenwen¹^,²^,³^,⁴, XIE Junfeng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, LV Xianghong⁵, DAI Pan⁵, HU Hangbo⁵

^1.R&D Center for Ultra Deep Complex Reservior Exploration and Development, Korla 841000, China
^2.Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Korla 841000, China
^3.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas, Korla 841000, China
^4.Oil and Gas Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Branch, Korla 841000, China
^5.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China

Cite this article:

ZHAO Mifeng, HU Fangting, LIU Yanming, SONG Wenwen, XIE Junfeng, LV Xianghong, DAI Pan, HU Hangbo. Evolution of Corrosion Products Film and Corrosion Behavior of C110 Steel Under High-temperature and High-pressure O₂-CO₂ Atmosphere in a Simulated Drilling Fluid with High Mineral Content and High Concentration of Ca²⁺. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(3): 821-832.

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Abstract

By taking the service conditions of a high salinity reservoir water environment with high temperature, high pressure, high-Ca²⁺ concentration and O₂-CO₂ coexistence in a western oilfield in China into account, the evolution of corrosion products film and corrosion behavior of C110 steel in different oxygen partial pressures (0-0.4 MPa) were investigated using a high-temperature/high-pressure reactor and an electrochemical testing system. The results showed that as the oxygen partial pressure increased, the uniform corrosion rate of the steel significantly rose from 0.59 to 3.56 mm/a, with intensified localized corrosion. In pure CO₂ environment, a highly resistive composite film (inner layer FeCO₃ and outer layer CaCO₃) with protective properties was formed, resulting in low corrosion current density. In conditions of coexisting O₂-CO₂, additional FeO(OH) and Fe₂O₃ appeared in the corrosion products. Notably, under high oxygen partial pressure (P $O 2$ = 0.4 MPa), the corrosion product film was composed of a top layer of porous Fe₂O₃, intermediate CaCO₃ layer with dispersed Fe₂O₃ particles, and discontinuous inner layer FeCO₃. This structural evolution drastically reduced the film resistance and increased the corrosion current density. Moreover, Fe₂O₃ promoted the precipitation of CaCO₃. Under the synergistic effect of O₂ and CaCO₃, the protective FeCO₃ film diminished, and CaCO₃ exhibited both inward and outward growth patterns. Additionally, the coupling of Ca²⁺ and Cl^- exacerbated localized corrosion. This study will provide in-depth theoretical insights into the corrosion mechanisms of C110 steel in coditions of high-salinity, high-Ca²⁺ concentration, and O₂-CO₂ coexistence etc., offering important reference for corrosion protection design in harsh production well environments.

Key words: C110 steel O₂-CO₂ corrosion high salinity Ca²⁺ corrosion behavior

Received: 23 June 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.195

ZTFLH:

TG172

Fund: Opening Project Fund of Materials Service Safety Assessment Facilities(MSAF-2023-001);the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YBMS-466)

Corresponding Authors: LIU Yanming, E-mail: ymliu10s@alum.imr.ac.cn

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	ZHAO Mifeng
	HU Fangting
	LIU Yanming
	SONG Wenwen
	XIE Junfeng
	LV Xianghong
	DAI Pan
	HU Hangbo

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.195 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2026/V46/I3/821

Table 1 Test conditions of high temperature and high pressure corrosion experiments

Fig.1 Macroscopic morphologies (a) and uniform corrosion rate (b) of C110 steel under different oxygen partial pressures

Fig.2 Localized corrosion morphologies of C110 steel after 168 h corrosion under oxygen partial pressures of 0 MPa (a), 0.004 MPa (b), 0.04 MPa (c) and 0.4 MPa (d)

Fig.3 XRD patterns of C110 steel after 168 h corrosion under different oxygen partial pressures

Fig.4 SEM morphologies of C110 steel after corrosion for 168 h under oxygen partial pressures of 0 MPa (a), 0.004 MPa (b), 0.04 MPa (c) and 0.4 MPa (d), and the corresponding EDS results of region (A-G) (e-l)

Fig.5 Cross-section morphology (a) and elemental distribution (b-f) of C110 steel after corrosion for 168 h in pure CO₂ environment

Fig.6 Cross-section morphology (a) and element distribution (b-f) of C110 steel after corrosion for 168 h in a high oxygen content environment (P $O 2$ = 0.4 MPa)

Fig.7 Potentiodynamic polarization curves (a) and linear polarization curves (b) of C110 steel under different oxygen partial pressures

P $O 2$ / MPa	E_corr / mV	I_corr / μA·cm^-2	b_a / mV·dec^-1	b_c / mV·dec^-1	R_p / Ω·cm²
0	-622	2.007	141.06	-156.54	4371.60
0.004	-574	5.761	60.90	-132.27	1596.21
0.04	-559	13.943	48.84	-127.99	714.57
0.4	-547	890.56	45.75	-	7.92

Table 2 Polarization curve fitting parameters of C110 steel under different experimental conditions

Fig.8 Electrochemical impedance curves of C110 steel under different environments with different time: (a) pure CO₂, (b) P $O 2$ = 0.4 MPa

Fig.9 EIS (a) and equivalent circuit diagram of C110 steel corroded for 72 h under pure CO₂ and P $O 2$ ≤ 0.04 MPa (b1) and P $O 2$ = 0.4 MPa (b2)

P $O 2$ / MPa	R_s / Ω·cm²	Q_dl / 10^-5 F/cm²	R_ct / Ω·cm²	Q_f / 10^-4 F·cm^-2	R_f / Ω·cm²	L / H·cm^-2	R_L / Ω·cm²
0	0.01	84.57	66.35	3.34	13060	-	-
0.004	1.55	14.03	2.94	10.22	1997	-	-
0.04	2.55	3.31	1.55	26.21	1097	-	-
0.4	1.13	169.60	5.15	13.53	3.20	20.47	60.68

Table 3 Impedance spectrum fitting results of C110 steel corroded at different oxygen partial pressures for 72 h

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