Effect of Loading Modes on Initiation and Propagation of Corrosion Fatigue Cracks of X65 Steel

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2021.065

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2022, Vol. 42

Issue (2): 227-234 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2021.065

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Effect of Loading Modes on Initiation and Propagation of Corrosion Fatigue Cracks of X65 Steel

WANG Qishan, LI Hongjin, HE Chuan, ZHENG Ping, CHEN Xu(

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School of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China

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Abstract

Submarine pipelines are an important way for offshore oil and gas transportation. The fatigue behavior of X65 steel by applied loads of different modes was studied in air and artificial seawater by a fatigue tester. The fatigue fracture and secondary crack were observed by SEM. The results showed that in air and artificial seawater, the fatigue life of X65 steel was the longest by the applied load of positive sawtooth wave, it is the next by the load of triangular wave and it is the shortest by the load of sine wave. The fatigue life of X65 steel in the seawater was significantly reduced compared with that in air. The stress rise time by load of either sinusoidal wave or triangular wave was shorter, which was conducive to dislocation initiation and acceleration of crack initiation. By applied load of sine wave, the holding time at σ_max was the longest, the dislocation slip formed faster, and the fatigue crack propagation was the fastest. In the artificial seawater, Cl^- promoted the initiation of pitting on the surface of X65 steel, which became the initiation sites of fatigue crack. After the cracks have formed, the electrolyte entered the crevice within cracks, whilst the cracks opened and closed repeatedly under the alternating stress, resulting in rapid crack propagation. In the artificial seawater, by the applied load of positive sawtooth waveform, the corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism of X65 steel was anodic dissolution, while by the applied loads of sine wave and triangular wave, the corrosion fatigue crack propagation mechanism was hydrogen embrittlement and anodic dissolution. The corrosion fatigue cracking sensitivity was the highest by the applied load with sinusoidal wave.

Key words: X65 steel loading waveform corrosion fatigue crack initiation

Received: 29 March 2021

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: "Chunhui" International Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Education, Surface Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province of China(LJKZ0416)

Corresponding Authors: CHEN Xu E-mail: cx0402@sina.com

About author: CHEN Xu, E-mail: cx0402@sina.com

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Cite this article:

WANG Qishan, LI Hongjin, HE Chuan, ZHENG Ping, CHEN Xu. Effect of Loading Modes on Initiation and Propagation of Corrosion Fatigue Cracks of X65 Steel. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2022, 42(2): 227-234.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2021.065 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2022/V42/I2/227

Fig.1 Microstructure of X65 pipeline steel

Fig.2 Stress-strain curve of X65 steel

Fig.3 Shape and size of fatigue test specimen (mm)

Fig.4 Waveforms used in corrosion fatigue experiments: (a) sine wave, (b) triangular wave, (c) positive-sawt-ooth wave

Fig.5 Macro morphologies of fracture of X65 steel under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms in air (a1~c1) and seawater (a2~c2)

Fig.6 Relationship between load waveform and life of X65 steel in air and sea water

Fig.7 Fracture morphologies of X65 steel after fatigue fracture under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms in air (a1~c1) and seawater (a2~c2) (1-crack initiation zone, 2-early crack growth period, 3-late crack growth period, 4-instantaneous)

Fig.8 Micromorphology of X65 steel at the early stage of fatigue crack initiation and propagation under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms in air

Fig.9 Micromorphology of X65 steel at the early stage of corrosion fatigue crack initiation and propagation under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms in seawater

Fig.10 Fracture morphology of X65 steel at the middle stage of corrosion fatigue crack propagation under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms in seawater

Fig.11 Side morphology of fatigue fracture of X65 steel in air under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms

Fig.12 Side morphology of corrosion fatigue fracture of X65 steel under sine wave (a), triangular waves (b) and positive sawtooth (c) loading waveforms

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