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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2014, Vol. 34 Issue (1): 75-81    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2013.065
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Efficient and Pollution-free Brightening Solution for Steel Surface
SU Yixiang1(), ZHAO Xiaoli2, GUO Haifeng2, XU Zhuang2, LEI Yu2
1. State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Nonferrous Metal Materials, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2. School of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Abstract  

A comprehensive brightening solution was developed for pretreatment of iron and steel parts before coatings application. The brightening solution can act as agent for simultaneous removal oil or rust on and phosphatization of the steel surface. The solution is free from F-, NO2-, Cr3+ and other toxic ions, thereby environmental friendly. The steel parts can be easily pretreated by wiping with or dipping in the solution at ambient temperature. The surface and cross sectional morphology of phosphating film was observed by OM and the corrosion resistance of the film was also examined. It showed that the phosphating films formed on the steel surface is dense, thin and uniform, with excellent corrosion resistance. Coatings can be applied directly on the phosphatized steels.
Key words:  steel surface      brightening solution      phosphating film     
Received:  06 May 2013     
ZTFLH:  TG178  
About author:  null

苏义祥,男,1956年生,教授,研究方向为特种有色金属材料及粉体工程
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Yixiang SU
Xiaoli ZHAO
Haifeng GUO
Zhuang XU
Yu LEI

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SU Yixiang, ZHAO Xiaoli, GUO Haifeng, XU Zhuang, LEI Yu. Efficient and Pollution-free Brightening Solution for Steel Surface. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2014, 34(1): 75-81.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2013.065     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2014/V34/I1/75

Test No. HCl ZnO KClO3 Zn(H2PO4)2 C4H6O6 Zn(NO3)2
1 + + + + + +
2 + + + + + -
3 + - + + + +
4 - + + + + +
5 + + + - + +
6 + + + + - +
7 + + - + + +
Table 1  Tests of single index
Test No. H3PO4
mL/L 		ZnO
g/L 		KClO3
g/L 		Zn(H2PO4)2
g/L 		C4H6O6
g/L 		Zn(NO3)2
g/L 		OP-10
g/L 		CuSO4intravenous drip time / s
1 300 10 3 8 6 3 8 77
2 300 12 4 9 8 4 10 62
3 300 14 5 10 10 5 12 125
4 310 10 3 9 8 5 12 68
5 310 12 4 10 10 3 8 75
6 310 14 5 8 6 4 10 128
7 320 10 4 8 10 4 12 176
8 320 12 5 9 6 5 8 87
9 320 14 3 10 8 3 10 169
10 300 10 5 10 8 4 8 85
11 300 12 3 8 10 5 10 92
12 300 14 4 9 6 3 12 78
13 310 10 4 10 6 5 10 158
14 310 12 5 8 8 3 12 98
15 310 14 3 9 10 4 8 89
16 320 10 5 9 10 3 10 82
17 320 12 3 10 6 4 12 63
18 320 14 4 8 8 5 8 56
Table 2  L18(37) orthogonal experiments and CuSO4 drip time
Fig.1  Curves of the relationship between the usage of H3PO4 (a), ZnO (b), KClO3 (c), Zn(H2PO4)2 (d), C4H6O6 (e), Zn(NO3)2 (f) and OP-10 (g) in brightening solution and corrosion resistance of phosphating film
Test item Test result Normative reference Standard code
Exterior of lighting solution Colorless clear liquid，
no precipitation or floc 		GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
pH of lighting solution 1 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Density / gcm-3 1.22 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Total acidity point of lighting solution 1068 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Free acidity of lighting solution 406 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Exteriorof phosphate coating Gray GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Corrosion resistance against 3%NaCl solution / h 3 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Corrosion resistance against CuSO4 intravenous drip / s 204 GB /T 12612- 2005 ---
Antirust period of phosphating film / d >90 GB /T 12612- 2005 ≥7
Bonding strength between phosphating film and substrate ISO0 level
(ASTM5B level) 		ISO-2409/ASTM
D3359-B 		≥1 level
（4B level）
Table 3  Verious performances of the brightening solution and phosphating film
Fig.2  Surface morphologies of the phosphating films formed in optimal brightening solution (a), No.3 of single factor experiments (removing ZnO) (b), No.5 of single factor experiments (removing Zn(H2PO4)2) (c) and after adhesion test (d)
Fig.3  Morphologies of the bond between coating and matrix after phosphating (a) and after mechanical polishing (b)
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