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中国腐蚀与防护学报  2026, Vol. 46 Issue (2): 315-326     CSTR: 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.165      DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.165
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海上光伏关键结构的腐蚀与防护综述
陈晓华1, 满成1, 甄永泰2, 付龙3, 崔洪芝1()
1.中国海洋大学材料科学与工程学院 青岛 266100
2.广东泉为新能源科技股份有限公司 东莞 523000
3.山东理工职业学院能源与材料工程学院 济宁 272067
Review on Corrosion and Protection of Key Structures for Offshore Photovoltaic Industry
CHEN Xiaohua1, MAN Cheng1, ZHEN Yongtai2, FU Long3, CUI Hongzhi1()
1.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
2.Guangdong Quanwei New Energy Technology Co. Ltd. , Dongguan 523000, China
3.School of Energy and Materials Engineering, Shandong Institute of Technology, Jining 272067, China
引用本文:

陈晓华, 满成, 甄永泰, 付龙, 崔洪芝. 海上光伏关键结构的腐蚀与防护综述[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2026, 46(2): 315-326.
Xiaohua CHEN, Cheng MAN, Yongtai ZHEN, Long FU, Hongzhi CUI. Review on Corrosion and Protection of Key Structures for Offshore Photovoltaic Industry[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2026, 46(2): 315-326.

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摘要: 

海上光伏的建设实现了光伏发电系统由陆向海的转移，为解决陆地上可再生能源利用空间有限的问题提供了途径，为光伏产业的发展创造了新机遇，成为光伏产业一个重要发展方向。然而，海洋环境具有高湿、高盐雾等特性，这给海上光伏产业的发展带来了新的挑战，尤其是光伏组件桁架及桩基材料等关键结构的腐蚀成为制约其大规模发展和应用的关键。基于此，本文围绕海上光伏系统关键结构的腐蚀问题展开论述，根据海上光伏的类型、结构特征、材料种类、服役环境等，分析其在海洋环境下潜在的腐蚀特征，并系统性介绍关键结构的腐蚀防护方案，为海上光伏系统的建设及运维提供参考。
关键词 ： 海上光伏,  结构,  腐蚀,  防护措施    
Abstract：

It can be foreseen that the construction of offshore photovoltaic (PV) power generation will facilitate the transfer of green power generation systems from land to sea, expand the space for the development of renewable energy, create new opportunities for the development of the photovoltaic industry, hence it is an important development direction for the photovoltaic industry. However, the marine environment is characterized by high humidity, and high salinity, which poses new challenges for the development of the offshore PV industry. In particular, the corrosion of key structural components such as PV module racks and pile foundations has become a key factor limiting its large-scale development and application. Considering this, herein, the corrosion issues of key structures in offshore PV systems were focused on. Such as the corrosion characteristics of the engineering structures of PV power generation systems may encounter in the marine environment are analyzed in terms of the structure types, structural features, material varieties, and service conditions etc. In addition, systematic countermeasures for corrosion protection of structural components were proposed, therewith providing a reference for the construction, operation and maintenance of offshore PV systems.
Key words： off photovoltaic    structure    corrosion    protection
收稿日期: 2025-06-03      32134.14.1005.4537.2025.165
ZTFLH:  TG174.4  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(U2106216);国家自然科学基金(52331004);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023ZLGX05);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010406);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2022ZD12);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2024ZD14);泰山学者攀登计划(tspd20230603);中国海洋大学-泉为未来新能源技术开发(安徽)有限公司海洋光伏技术联合研发中心项目
通讯作者: 崔洪芝，E-mail：cuihongzhi@ouc.edu.cn，研究方向为极端环境耐蚀耐磨耐热材料设计、腐蚀磨损损伤防护以及高能束加工、表面强化、增材制造、多孔材料、海水淡化等
作者简介: 陈晓华，女，1991年生，博士生
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https://www.jcscp.org/CN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.165      或      https://www.jcscp.org/CN/Y2026/V46/I2/315

图1  海上光伏的结构类型[11,12]
图2  海洋腐蚀环境区域图[14,15]
图3  混凝土结构在海洋环境中的腐蚀失效机制[31]
图4  中性盐雾条件下镀锌钢腐蚀不同时间的宏观形貌[43]
图5  海上光伏整体腐蚀防护建议[59]
SolutionEpoxy heavy-duty anti-corrosion coatingEpoxy glass flake coating
PerformanceGoodGood
Application methodKnife coatingSpray coating
Solid content100%84%
Abrasive resistance< 50 mg-
Loss coefficient1.3 low2.0 high
CostLowMedium
MaintainEasyMedium
表1  海上光伏钢管桩涂层防腐方案对比[61]
SolutionGalvanizationGalvanization + CoatingCoating
PerformanceMediumExcellentGood
Reference standardNoYesYes
Application speedFastMediumMedium
Repair of welding pointsNoEasyEasy
CostLowMediumMedium
表2  海上光伏钢桁架防腐方案对比[61]
Surface treatment methodThickness / μmHV hardnessSalt spray test / hAdhesive strengthCombination modeCost (¥/kg)
Fluorocarbon coating25-602-530004Mechanical bonding3
Zinc impregnation5-85350-55096-30001Diffusion metallurgy4
Dacromet5-152-610004Oxidation3
Phosphating5-20500-5501003Chemical oxidation2
表3  4种防腐技术指标对照表[71]
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