金银花植物提取物作为环保型缓蚀剂对低碳钢酸性溶液腐蚀的缓蚀效果
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Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Honeysuckle Extract as an Eco-friendly Inhibitor for Acid Corrosion on Mild Steel
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通讯作者: 杨吉可,E-mail:Yangjk@ustb.edu.cn,研究方向为金属材料的腐蚀与防护
收稿日期: 2025-05-06 修回日期: 2025-06-26
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Corresponding authors: YANG Jike, E-mail:Yangjk@ustb.edu.cn
Received: 2025-05-06 Revised: 2025-06-26
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作者简介 About authors
汪崧,女,1971年生,博士,工程师
制备了金银花植物提取物(HSE),并利用红外光谱、失重法、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、动电位极化曲线、零电荷电位测试和扫描电子显微镜等手段评估其在不同温度下1 mol/L HCl中对低碳钢的缓蚀性能。失重数据表明,当HSE质量浓度为300 mg/L时,缓蚀效率可达89%;电化学测试结果与失重数据一致。通过零电荷电位数据计算出的热力学结果表明,HSE在低碳钢表面的吸附行为是物理吸附和化学吸附协同进行,这也是HSE具有良好缓蚀性能的重要原因。
关键词:
The effect of honeysuckle extract (HSE), as a kind eco-friendly Inhibitor of plant extracts, on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution at various temperatures was investigated by means of mass loss measurement, electrochemical test and surface observation. The results of weight losses indicated that the corrosion inhibition efficiency reached to 89% with a dose of 300 mg/L HSE, and then electrochemical test results were consistent with the weight loss measrement. The thermodynamics calculation indicates that both physisorption and chemisorption occurred, which induced the good corrosion inhibition property of HSE.
Keywords:
本文引用格式
汪崧, 刘学武, 赵健, 李众, 杨吉可.
WANG Song, LIU Xuewu, ZHAO Jian, LI Zhong, YANG Jike.
为了在低成本、高效率、易操作、环保性佳的前提下减缓低碳钢在酸性环境中的腐蚀,工业上广泛采用添加有机缓蚀剂的方法。这类缓蚀剂通常含有大量杂原子(如N、S和O)[7],通过静电作用和共价键形成吸附膜[8,9]。在恶劣条件下,有机缓蚀剂依旧能表现出优异的缓蚀效果,但潜在的毒性可能对环境保护和人体健康造成危害[10,11]。近年来,越来越多的研究者认识到这一问题,着手开发环保型缓蚀剂。其中,植物提取物就是一种具有良好可再生性、可降解性、高效性和易制备特点的环保型缓蚀剂[5,12,13]。此外,大多数植物提取物含有富含N、S和O等元素的多酚、萜类、黄酮和生物碱,具有与合成类的有机缓蚀剂类似的保护低碳钢免受酸性腐蚀的能力[14,15]。
1 实验方法
首先,对金银花进行提取。将33 g干燥的金银花粉末加入400 mL无水乙醇中,在333 K条件下回流2 h。随后对浸出液进行过滤,并用50 mL无水乙醇洗涤残渣3次。收集滤液后,通过旋转蒸发去除溶剂,最后将样品在323 K温度下的真空干燥箱中干燥24 h,得到棕色粘稠的HSE液体(4.1 g)。
实验选取低碳钢的化学成分(质量分数,%)为:0.19 C、0.46 Mn、0.22 Si、0.021 P、0.04 Cr、0.02 Cu、0.01 Ni、0.007 S,余量为Fe。失重测试使用的试样尺寸为50 mm × 13 mm × 2 mm,试样悬挂于腐蚀介质中。电化学测试的工作电极为低碳钢电极,通过Cu线焊接后用环氧树脂密封,有效暴露面积为0.26 cm2。形貌分析所用的试样尺寸为ϕ10 mm × 2 mm。
用滴管将一滴HSE液体滴在载玻片上。待HSE液体流动成一层均匀的薄膜后,将带有HSE液体薄膜的载玻片放入红外光谱(FT-IR,VERTEX 70)仪中进行测试,采用透射模式对HSE液体薄膜进行扫描,以获得HSE的官能团成分。
将试样在1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡3 h (303 K)后,通过失重法计算低碳钢样品的腐蚀速率(v)。每个条件下均测试3个平行试样。取出试样后,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇分别清洗,在氮气保护下干燥。试样的质量使用精度为0.1 mg的分析天平进行测量。缓蚀效率(η)根据
其中,vi和v0分别为添加和不添加缓蚀剂时的腐蚀速率。
将试样在1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡3 h后,分别使用蒸馏水和无水乙醇清洗试样并进行干燥,然后将样品保存于干燥器中。采用环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM,Quanta 200,FEI)对试样的表面形貌进行扫描和观察。
2 结果与讨论
2.1 FT-IR测试
在缓蚀剂领域,多种植物提取物表现出显著的作用。鱼腥草叶、芦荟叶、紫茎泽兰叶、罂粟叶、丝瓜叶等叶片类提取物,木瓜、菠萝等果实提取物,大蒜、姜、橘皮、石榴皮等根茎果皮类提取物,以及芥末籽、桂圆籽、葵花籽等种子提取物,还有玫瑰、百合、洋甘菊等花卉提取物。
这些植物提取物之所以能发挥作用,源于其含有的丰富化学物质,包括糖苷类、生物碱、黄酮、甾醇、皂甙、鞣质、氨基酸、三萜等。这些物质具备羟基(—OH)、氨基 (—NH2)、酰胺(—CONH2)、羧酸(—COOH)、酯(—COO)等极性官能团,可通过吸附作用在金属表面形成保护膜,从而阻断金属与腐蚀性环境的直接接触,实现缓蚀的效果[25]。
图1
2.2 失重测试
失重法是一种随时间持续累积而成的腐蚀测试方法,更接近现场的实际情况。图2是低碳钢在303 K下、含有不同质量浓度HSE的1 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀速率。可以看出,低碳钢在未添加HSE的1 mol/L的HCl中腐蚀严重,腐蚀速率为18.5 mm/a。添加HSE后,腐蚀速率显著降低,其中加入300 mg/L HSE的缓蚀效率达到最高,为89%(腐蚀速率为2.1 mm/a)。在同等实验条件下,仇莉等[33]制备的花生壳提取物(PSE)对冷轧钢表现出的缓蚀效果为88% (200 mg/L)。与之相比,虽然HSE的用量有所增多,但缓蚀效果得到了一定的提升。因此,HSE与PSE对低碳钢表现出同等的缓蚀能力,对1 mol/L HCl中的低碳钢腐蚀具有良好抑制作用。
图2
图2
低碳钢在303 K下、不同HSE质量浓度(0,50,100,200,300 mg/L)的1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡3 h后的腐蚀速率
Fig.2
Corrosion rate based on mass loss of mild steel after 3 h immersion in 1 mol/L HCl solution at various HSE content (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L) and 303 K
2.3 电化学阻抗谱测试
图3
图3
低碳钢在不同HSE质量浓度(0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L)和不同温度(303, 313, 323 K)下的1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡1 h后的Nyquist和Bode图
Fig.3
Nyquist plots and Bode plots of mild steel at the end of 1 h exposure in 1 mol/L HCl solution at various HSE concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L) and temperatures of 303 K (a, b), 313 K (c, d) and 323 K (e, f)
图4
图4
用于拟合EIS谱的等效电路图
Fig.4
Equivalent circuit model for fitting EIS data in Fig.3
表1 图3中电化学阻抗谱的拟合参数
Table 1
| T / K | CHSE / mg·L-1 | Rs / Ω·cm2 | Qdl / 10-4 Ω-1·s n ·cm-2 | n | Rct / Ω·cm2 | ηi / % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303 | 0 | 0.44 | 8.64 | 0.82 | 6.98 | - |
| 50 | 0.48 | 6.98 | 0.80 | 11.8 | 41 | |
| 100 | 0.57 | 7.18 | 0.78 | 14.8 | 53 | |
| 200 | 0.44 | 6.76 | 0.75 | 23.0 | 70 | |
| 300 | 0.43 | 2.75 | 0.82 | 30.1 | 77 | |
| 313 | 0 | 0.44 | 7.76 | 0.83 | 6.81 | - |
| 50 | 0.46 | 9.88 | 0.78 | 9.68 | 30 | |
| 100 | 0.52 | 11.60 | 0.76 | 13.5 | 50 | |
| 200 | 0.48 | 12.10 | 0.74 | 14.1 | 52 | |
| 300 | 0.44 | 2.55 | 0.82 | 26.6 | 74 | |
| 323 | 0 | 0.37 | 7.43 | 0.86 | 3.89 | - |
| 50 | 0.37 | 9.00 | 0.77 | 10.8 | 64 | |
| 100 | 0.36 | 4.10 | 0.83 | 12.4 | 69 | |
| 200 | 0.33 | 7.70 | 0.79 | 13.8 | 72 | |
| 300 | 0.41 | 5.05 | 0.80 | 15.0 | 74 |
图5
图5
303 K下低碳钢在0和50 mg/L HSE的1 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡1 h后的EPZC和EOCP
Fig.5
Plots of EPZC and EOCP measured after 1 h exposure with 0 (a) and 50 mg/L (b) HSE in 1 mol/L HCl solution at 303 K
图6
图6
低碳钢在含不同质量浓度(0,50,100,200,300 mg/L)HSE以及不同温度(303,313,323 K)下的1 mol/L的HCl溶液中浸泡1.5 h后的动电位极化曲线
Fig.6
Potentiodynamic polarization of mild steel at the end of 1.5 h exposure in 1 mol/L HCl solution at various HSE concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/L) at 303 K (a), 313 K (b) and 323 K (c)
通过Cview软件对动电位极化数据进行了拟合处理,获得的阳极和阴极Tafel斜率(βa和βc)、腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和腐蚀电流密度(Icorr)等参数列于表2,可知Icorr随HSE质量浓度的增加而显著降低,303 K下缓蚀效率(ηi)在300 mg/L时可达90%。与此同时,无论是否添加HSE,Icorr均随温度升高而显著增加,表明在温度较高的条件下低碳钢腐蚀更为严重。
表2 图6中动电位极化曲线拟合参数
Table 2
| T / K | CHSE / mg·L-1 | βa / V·dec-1 | βc / V·dec-1 | Ecorr, SCE / V | Icorr / mA·cm-2 | ηi / % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303 | 0 | 0.105 | -0.129 | -0.462 | 3.44 | - |
| 50 | 0.089 | -0.131 | -0.469 | 1.75 | 49 | |
| 100 | 0.084 | -0.128 | -0.474 | 1.13 | 67 | |
| 200 | 0.081 | -0.114 | -0.484 | 0.59 | 83 | |
| 300 | 0.084 | -0.123 | -0.478 | 0.31 | 91 | |
| 313 | 0 | 0.102 | -0.127 | -0.462 | 3.75 | - |
| 50 | 0.090 | -0.124 | -0.476 | 2.06 | 45 | |
| 100 | 0.097 | -0.124 | -0.485 | 1.73 | 54 | |
| 200 | 0.089 | -0.120 | -0.483 | 1.43 | 62 | |
| 300 | 0.075 | -0.119 | -0.480 | 0.85 | 77 | |
| 323 | 0 | 0.108 | -0.137 | -0.464 | 7.90 | - |
| 50 | 0.078 | -0.109 | -0.473 | 2.08 | 74 | |
| 100 | 0.086 | -0.118 | -0.482 | 1.85 | 77 | |
| 200 | 0.076 | -0.125 | -0.478 | 1.41 | 82 | |
| 300 | 0.075 | -0.122 | -0.483 | 1.04 | 87 |
2.4 SEM形貌
图7
图7
330 K温度下低碳钢在不同质量浓度HSE的1 mol/L HCl溶液中腐蚀3 h后的SEM形貌
Fig.7
SEM images of mild steel after 3 h exposure in 1 mol/L HCl solution containing different content of HSE at 303 K: (a) 0 mg/L, (b) 100 mg/L, (c) 200 mg/L, (d) 300 mg/L
2.5 吸附类型计算
根据Icorr得出缓蚀率ηi (表2),遵循Langemuir吸附模型计算出Langemuir吸附中KadsCSPT的值。公式如下:
其中,θ是金银花提取物在低碳钢表面的覆盖率,由ηe/100得出。Kads是吸附平衡常数,CH是金银花提取物的质量浓度。其中Kads和Gibbs自由能变化之间的关系如下[38]:
其中,R为气体常数 (8.314J/(mol·K)),T为绝对温度(303,313和323 K),C
图8
图8
不同温度下的HSE在低碳钢表面的Langemuir吸附等温线
Fig.8
Langmuir adsorption isotherm fitting of HSE on the surface of mild steel at 303 (a), 313 (b) and 323 K (c)
表3 由图8得到的HSE在低碳钢表面的标准热力学和吸附平衡参数
Table 3
| T / K | C·θ-1 / mg·L-1 | Kads / L·g-1 | ΔG |
|---|---|---|---|
| 303 | 43.0 | 2.33 × 102 | -25.3 |
| 313 | 89.6 | 1.16 × 102 | -23.5 |
| 323 | 34.0 | 2.94 × 102 | -25.9 |
3 结论
(1) 电化学结果表明,温度的升高会加剧低碳钢在1 mol/L HCl中的腐蚀速率,但HSE在较高的温度条件下仍表现出了良好的缓蚀效果。失重法测得300 mg/L的HSE对浸泡在1 mol/L HCl中的低碳钢缓蚀效率达到了89%,与电化学测试的结果趋势一致。
(2) 吸附模型的计算结果表明,由于低碳钢表面附带正电荷,HSE通过静电吸附和电荷转移作用,在低碳钢表面同时进行着物理吸附和化学吸附,从而获得了较高的缓蚀效果。综上所述,这种高效的环保型提取物,为开发环境友好型缓蚀剂提供了新思路。
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