激光熔覆高温防护涂层研究现状及发展方向
吴多利, 吴昊天, 孙珲, 史建军, 魏新龙, 张超

Research Status and Development of Laser Cladding High Temperature Protective Coating
WU Duoli, WU Haotian, SUN Hui, SHI Jianjun, WEI Xinlong, ZHANG Chao
表1 激光熔覆在高温防护涂层方面的应用实例
Table 1 Application examples of high temperature protective coatings prepared by laser cladding
Laser cladding mode (Preset or feed power)Equipment TypeComposition of Substrate (Sub) and powder material (Pow)Laser cladding parameters:laser power (P), Scanning velocity (V), Powder feed rate (R)

Cladding layer parameters:

Weld width (W), Weld height (H), Dilution rates (η)

Cladding layer phase compositionProperties of cladding layerApplication scenarios
Coaxial powder feeding

YLS-400

fiber laser

Sub: K418 alloy

Pow: Inconel 718

P: 1.2 kW

V: 300 mm/min

R: 25 g/min

W: 1.414 mm

H: 1.537 mm

η: 10.09%

Laves phase, γ" phase and MC type carbide were precipitated at the bottom of the cladding layer.Hot-corrosion resistant; Thermal shock resistantRepair of turbine blades of aeroengines

YLS-3000

fiber laser

Sub: K465 alloy

Pow: nickel-based alloy

P: 2.4 kW

V: 360 mm/min

R: 12 g/min

W: 2.86 mm

H: 0.72 mm

η: 0.27 mm

γ phase, γ' phase, granular carbide and chain carbide in the cladding layer.Hot-corrosion resistant
IPG-YLS-2000-TR fiber laser

Sub: IN718 alloy

Pow: 30%WC + Inconel 718

P: 1.5 kW

V: 450 mm/min

R: 12 g/min

η: 18.51%(Fe, Ni) solid solution phase, Fe3Ni2 phase, (Fe, Cr, Ni)C phase, Ni17W3 phase, WC ceramic particle phase, W2C phase, Fe4W2C phase and Cr4Ni15W phase in the cladding layer.High hardness; Wear resistant; Heat resistantSurface strengthening of turbine disc, combustion chamber and other components of aeroengine
CO2 laser machine

Sub: K438 alloy Pow: CoNiCrAlY+

25%Al2O3

P: 2.5 kW

V: 240 mm/min

R: 0.5 g/min

-There are α-Co phase, α-Al2O3 phase, NiO phase, Cr2O3 phase, γ-(Ni, Cr) phase, γ'-Ni3Al phase and (Co, Ni)(Al, Cr)2O4 phase in the cladding layer.High temperature oxidation resistant

FL-Dlight3-2000

semiconductor laser unit

Sub: 304 steel

Pow: Ni60AA

P: 2.5 kW

V: 240 mm/min

R: 18 g/min

W: 14.85 mm

H: 1.68 mm

η: 13.49%

γ-(Ni, Fe) solid solution phase, FeNi3 ductile phase and Cr23C6 carbide in the cladding layer.

High hardness;

Wear resistant;

Corrosion resistant

Surface strengthening and repair of automotive engine valve components

IPG

fiber laser

Sub: 2Cr25Ni20 steel Pow: Inconel 718

P: 1.4 kW

V: 600 mm/min

R: 1.8 r/min

-Precipitated phase of cladding layer is Laves phase and a small amount of carbide.

High hardness;

Wear resistant;

Surface strengthening of feed inlet rotating shaft in steel mill

LDF400-2000

Fiber coupled semiconductor laser

Sub: Inconel718 alloy

Pow:Inconel 939

P: 0.9 kW

V: 240 mm/min

R: 14 g/min

η: 24.2 %Physical phases in the cladding layer include γ phase matrix, MC type carbide and a small amount of γ' phase.High hardness; Corrosion resistantRepair of gas turbine blades
Coaxial powder feeding

LDF4000-100

semiconductor laser unit

Sub: 304 steel

Pow: NiCoCrAlY

P: 1.5 kW

V: 600 mm/min

R: 4.5 g/min

W: 3.6 mm

H: 0.4 mm

η: 57.4%

Phases in the cladding layer include γ/γ' phase, β phase and β-NiAl phase.Wear resistant; High temperature oxidation resistantCoating thermal protection of steam turbine hot components

LDF4000-100

semiconductor laser unit

Sub: 316 steel

Pow: FeCrAlSi

P: 1.6 kW

V: 420 mm/min

R: 5.4 g/min

W: 3.494 mm

H: 0.588 mm

η: 40.4%

Cladding layer consists of Fe-Cr solid solution phase and AlFe intermetallic compound.High hardness; Wear resistant; Hot-corrosion resistant;Surface modification of boiler pipe in power plant
Powder presetting

GS-TFL-6000

CO2 laser machine

Sub: TC6 alloy

Pow: Ti-Al-20Cr

P: 4.1 kW

V: 350 mm/min

η: <8%Cladding layer is mainly composed of matrix structure and a large amount of silver-white material without obvious segregation phenomenon.High temperature oxidation resistantRepair of aero-engine compressor disc and blade

LDF-4000-100

semiconductor laser unit

Sub: TC4 alloy

Pow: CoCrFeNi2V0.5Ti0.5

P: 0.8 kW

V: 300 mm/min

-Physical phases in the cladding layer include BCC phase, (Ni, Co)Ti2 phase and α-Ti enriched phase.

High hardness;

Wear resistant;

Surface modification of hot end components in aero-engines and automotive engines

Sub: TC4 alloy

Pow: CoCrFeNi2Mo0.5

P: 1 kW

V: 300 mm/min

Phases in the cladding layer include BCC phase, (Ni, Co)Ti2 phase, α-Ti phase and FeCrMo type σ phase.

Lasertel 8 kW

semiconductor laser unit

Sub: TC4 alloy

Pow: TC4+10%hBN

P: 4 kW

V: 900 mm/min

-Cladding layer consists of TiB phase and TiN phase distributed in α-Ti matrix

Sub: TC4 alloy

Pow: TC4+10%Ni/B4C

P: 4 kW

V: 480 mm/min

Cladding layer is composed of NiTi2 phase, dendritic phase, TiB phase, TiC phase, TiB2 and incomplete decomposed B4C embedded in α-Ti matrix.

GS-TEL-6000A

Multi-mode cross-flow CO2 laser

Sub: TC4 alloy Pow: AlMoNbTiV

P: 3.7 kW

V: 600 mm/min

-Cladding layer is mainly composed of BCC phase and a small amount of TiAl intermetallic compounds.High temperature oxidation resistant

LWS-1000

Nd: YAG laser

Sub: 304 steel Pow: FeCoCuAlNiNb0.5

P: 0.2 kW

V: 420 mm/min

η: 15%Phase in cladding layer includes BCC phase, FCC phase and Laves phase.

Wear resistant;

Corrosion resistant

Surface strengthening and repair of automotive engine valve components