1. Contact pressure (surface and subsurface) and contact area

2. Elastic or elastic-plastic or complete plastic reactions on surfaces and subsurfaces

3. Surface deformation (elastic or permanent deformation)

1. Depassivation of passivated surfaces

2. Corrosion potential (mixed potential of wear and non-wear area)

3. Causing phase transition on the surface or near the surface

4. Repassivation kinetics

5. Local mass transfer acceleration

6. Increase in contact temperature

7. Increase in roughness and corresponding area

8. Change of surface composition

9. Formation of a mechanical mixing layer, which may contain debris

10. Wear area and the non-wear area constitute a couple pair

11. Cause surface hardening

12. Affects the shear strength of rough/rough surface joints and causes adhesion

1. Self-corrosion potential

2. Local current density

3. Area of active anode and anode site position^[4]

4. Surface recovery time

5. Change the wear mechanism or wear rate

1. Effect of friction

2. Local environmental pH

3. Total surface loss (mechanical and electrochemical)