Using polymer PEG as dispersant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template and tetraethylorthosilicate(TEOS) as silica source, the monodisperse nanospherical MCM--41 mesoporous molecular sieves with the particle size of 40$\sim$60 nm were synthesized under basic media conditions. The influence of the PEG concentration on mesoporous structure and the dispersion of nanospheres were systemically studied. It showed that the morphology of particles changed little, but the dispersion of particles improved greatly. When polymer PEG was added, the mesoporous structure of samples including hexagonal order and the pore size changed. The samples still show perfect long--range order of hexagonal mesoporous structures. With the concentrations of PEG increased, the $d_{100}$ values of samples in the XRD patterns enlarge. With the suitable PEG concentration, the monodisperse nanospherical MCM--41 mesoporous molecular sieves with uniform diameters, single--pore distribution, huge pore volume, huge surface area and highly ordered mesoporous structure could be obtained.

Phenolic fibers were prepared by the cross--linking of heat-meltable spun filaments derived from the melt--spinning of a novolak resin in a combined solution of formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid. The physical and chemical changes of the fibers during curing reaction were investigated. The results show that formaldehyde with high concentration can increase both the content of the crosslinking agent and the swellability with the resin. Hydrochloric acid not only promotes the formation of $^{+}$CH$_{2}$OH as a catalyst, but also leads the polymer branching occurring. It is found that under the conditions of formaldehyde concentration of 18.5\%, hydrochloric acid concentration of 12\%, and the heating rate of 15.4℃/h, the highly homogeneous crosslinking fibers with the maximum tensile strength of the 260 MPa can be obtained, suggesting that the crosslinking rate in both the skin and the inner of the fibers and the curing time are well--matched in these conditions, and the carbon yield of the fibers at 800℃ was 63\%.

A new type of torque meter was successfully used to measure the viscosity of the Al alloy in the foaming process. The real time measurement and control of the viscosity were achieved in the preparation process of Al and Al alloy, revealing the rule of viscosity change as well as the influence on pore structure. The viscosity change with time is similar to the growth curve. The greater viscosity value decreases the pore diameters and increases the number, while less viscosity value is on the contrary. The optimized viscosity value in the foamed process of Al alloy is 27$\sim$28 mN$\cdot$m in this experiment.

Inspiration is from the plant root adjusting self-adaptively its structure and function according to the change of water content in soil; a macroporous polyvinyl formal hydrogel (PVFM) with water--content sensitivity was synthesized, and utilized as sensor and actuator to control automatically the drip--irrigation flow. PVFM hydrogel shows rather fast swelling/deswelling rate, and its mechanical behavior is sensitive to the change of water content, as a result the flow rate is modulated accordingly. This smart hydrogel can control self--adaptively water flow according to humidity of soil; the on--off cycle of flow control is less than 1 hour. It has the large potential applications in the aired regions for water-saving irrigation, humidity adjustment, desert control and so on.

Taking titanium as the base metal, a kind of tin dioxide catalytic electrode with an inter--layer containing Mn(Ti/Mn/SnO$_{2}$) was prepared by pyrolysis. The electro--catalytic oxidation characteristics of prepared electrode were investigated by selecting phenol as model substrate. The micrographs, the element composition of different layers, and the chemical environment of elements on the electrode surface were analyzed by SEM, EDX and XPS. Although the electro--catalytic activity of the electrode was decreased, the working voltages of Ti/Mn/SnO$_{2}$ electrode were highly stabilized compared with that of Ti/SnO$_{2}$ electrode without Mn inter--layer. It implies that the inter--layer might hold up the oxygen atom transfer process from electrode surface to Ti base metal, and this could then extend service life of the electrode. The redox couples of Mn$^{2+}$/Mn$^{4+}$ and Sn$^{2+}$/Sn$^{4+}$ influence the composition and the crystal structure on SnO$_{2}$ electrode surface, and hence change the electrode performance.

Yttrium stabilized bismuth (Y$_{0.25}$Bi$_{0.7}$5O$_{1.5}$) (YSB) was synthesized using an oxalate coprecipitation method. YSB powder was fired at 900℃ for 5 h to form the fluorite structure as confirmed by X--ray diffraction. The conductivity was measured to be 0.057 S/cm at 600℃. Influences of sintering temperature on microstructure of Ag--YSB composites were investigated, and results indicate that lower sintering temperature resulted in high porosity and small particle size. Using SDC electrolyte, the interfacial resistance was found to be smallest for 50\% YSB ~about ~0.64 $\Omega\cdot$cm$^{2}$ ~at ~600℃ ~and 0.059 $\Omega\cdot$cm$^{2}$ at 700℃. The performance of Ag--YSB was much better than some perovskite cathodes, such as LSCF--SDC and LSM--SDC.

The acrylamide and N,N$^{\prime}$--methylenediacrylamide were used to make a polyacrylamide gel from an aqueous solution of zinc acetate and silver nitrate. The characterization and the photocatalytic activities of nanometer--sized ZnO/Ag were studied by XRD, FT--IR and TEM. The results showed that because of polyacrylamide network the particle of ZnO/Ag crystalline was global, the even particle diameter size of nanometer--sized ZnO un--coated by Ag was about 15 nm, and the even particle diameter size of nanometer--sized ZnO/Ag about 45 nm. The degraded rate of methylene blue was 100\% when ZnO/Ag was used, and ZnO/Ag powders can be used repeadly.

The magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare Ti-base alloy films. The concentration of the alloy elements such as Mo, Zr and Al in the films is consistent with that in the targets, while the Y concentration has a large deviation from that in the targets. The hydrogen absorption dynamics of the four films at 673 K is fine and the TiZrYAl film has the best hydriding activity. The hydrogen storage capacities of all the four films exceed 1.5 (H/M). The hydrogen absorption P--C isotherms of the films were measured. The films alloying with Mo have the highest hydrogen absorption equilibrium pressure, which is determined as about 10$^{-4}$ Pa at ambient temperature.

The die--swell mechanism of polycarbosilane(PCS) melt for a spinneret with Y--shaped orifice and the effect of die swelling of PCS on the profile degree ($PD$) of Y--shaped SiC were investigated. For a spinneret with circular holes, the die--swell ratio was in the range of 1.02$\sim$1.15, while for a spinneret with Y--shaped orifices, the ratio is 1.02$\sim$1.43. The die--swell ratio for a spinneret with Y--shaped orifices was about 15\% higher than that with circular holes in the same forming condition. The asymmetric distribution of shear stress in the circumference of the Y--shaped orifice and the different shear stress in the orifice profiles were the fundamental reasons for the increase of the die--swell ratio for the Y--shaped orifice. In comparison with the $PD$ of the orifice, there was a reduction of 10\%$\sim$20\% in the $PD$ of the fibers.

The interface of the martensite/parent was suggested as the attractor based on the phase plane analyses from the classical equation of interfacial motion, which is different from the soliton model of the ideal martensite/parent interface. The solutions of the equation of motion indicated that the interface of the stress--induced martensitic transformation tended to be the focus--like steady attractor and the thermal--induced to be the joint--like steady attractor. So the interfacial motion including the friction exhibits an apparently different nonlinear character from the interfacial motion without the friction.

A novel epoxyresin/MCM--41 nanocomposite modified by coupling agent was prepared by solution blending. The influences of the amount of coupling agent and the medium modification on the disperse properties and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the novel nanonetwork composite with the monodisperse, nanosized mesoporous MCM--41 particle strenghened is prepared at the suitable amount of coupling agent and the suitable medium. --(CH$_{2}$)$_{3}$--NH$_{2}$ group of silane coupling agent not only gets into the modified inner wall of mesoporous MCM--41,but also makes MCM--41 remain its ordered pore structure. Because the chain of epoxy resin links with the inner and outer of the modified MCM--41 through chemical bond, MCM--41 particle can disperse evenly in the matrix. Compared with the matrix, the tensile strength and the Young$^{\prime}$s modulus of the composites are improved by 69\% and 90\%, respectively,

The effect of annealing temperature on the electrical properties of low voltage ZnO--based ceramic film was investigated. The results show that Zn$_{7}$Sb$_{2}$O$_{12}$ and ZnCr$_{2}$O$_{4}$ phases can be formed at a lower annealing temperature (550℃) by the solution doping, and the pyrochlore phase is not detected by XRD from 550℃ to 950℃. Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$ can be changed to spinel phase completely, and Bi$_{2}$O$_{3}$, ZnO may be vaporized when the annealing temperature reaches 750℃. The ZnO--based ceramic films with nonlinearity coefficient 20, ~nonlinear ~voltage ~5 V ~and ~the ~leakage ~current ~density 0.5 $\mu$A/mm$^{2}$ can be obtained by the proper annealing temperature.