Research Progress and Prospects of Carbon Dots as Corrosion Inhibitors

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.005

Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection

2025, Vol. 45

Issue (6): 1474-1492 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.005

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Research Progress and Prospects of Carbon Dots as Corrosion Inhibitors

CHEN Yu¹^,², WEI Gaofei¹^,², DENG Shuduan¹^,², LI Xianghong¹^,²(

)

1 College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2 Key Laboratory of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education on Highly-efficient Utilization of Agricultural and Forest Wastes, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Cite this article:

CHEN Yu, WEI Gaofei, DENG Shuduan, LI Xianghong. Research Progress and Prospects of Carbon Dots as Corrosion Inhibitors. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2025, 45(6): 1474-1492.

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Abstract

Carbon dots (CDs) have become a research hotspot in the research on novel nano-scale green corrosion inhibitors due to their outstanding photoelectric properties, abundant sources, rich functional groups and heteroatoms, as well as their environmentally friendly characteristics. Based on the structural properties of CDs, this paper summarizes the specific methods for synthesizing CDs through top-down and bottom-up approaches at present, and briefly introduces the application of theoretical calculation in the synthesis of CDs. The corrosion inhibition performance of three types of CDs corrosion inhibitors on different metals in various media was analyzed, and their action modes in solutions, and the relevant inhibition mechanism were discussed. They are respectively based on doping (non-metallic, metallic and co-doping), surface modification and biomass as substrate, which are the CD corrosion inhibitors that have attracted much attention so far. Furthermore, the future development trends are prospected. It is expected that this review may provide important references for future the in-depth research and practical application of CDs-based corrosion inhibitors and promote the high-quality development of metal corrosion protection technology.

Key words: carbon dots corrosion inhibitor metal doping surface modification biomass

Received: 02 January 2025 32134.14.1005.4537.2025.005

ZTFLH:

TG174

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161016);Joint Key Project of Agricultural Fundamental Research in Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-017)

Corresponding Authors: LI Xianghong, E-mail: xianghong-li@163.com

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2025.005 OR https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2025/V45/I6/1474

Fig.1 Classification and structural models of carbon dots (a) and synthesis pathways of CDs (b)^[21]

Fig.2 Synthesis strategies of doped CDs (a) and research progress of heteroatom-doped CDs (b)^[59]

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of the synthesis process of NCDs (a), diagram of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of NCDs in acidic solutions (b), and the curve of corrosion inhibition efficiency changes (c)^[77]

Fig.4 Corrosion inhibition mechanism diagram of NCDs for N80 steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution (a) and saturated CO₂ 3.5% (mass fraction) NaCl solution (b)^[89]

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the corrosion inhibition effect of N,S-CDs in CO₂-saturated NaCl solution (a), the main adsorption mechanisms of NCDs and N,S-CDs on the steel surface include electrostatic adsorption (b) and the formation of coordination bonds Fe-N (c) and Fe-S^[90,91] (d)

Fig.6 Corrosion inhibition mechanism diagram of N,S-CDs for Al (a), Cu (b) and Mg (c)^[19,97,98]

Fig.7 SEM and EDS analysis of the copper electrode immersed in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution absent and present of different N,S-CDs with different time (a-e), and the optimized geometry (f), LUMO (g), HOMO (h), ESP map (i) of N,S-CDs^[101]

Fig.8 Frontline orbit distribution (a), differential charge density distribution (b), and electrostatic potential distribution (c) of CDs and CeCDs. And schematic diagram of corrosion inhibition mechanism (d)^[103]

Fig.9 Corrosion inhibition mechanism diagram of Ce@N-CDs inhibitor on steel in acidic solution (a), and the corrosion inhibition mechanism diagram of Cu,N-CDs inhibitor on mild steel in acidic solution (b)^[105,106]

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of Me-CDs for Q235 carbon steel in 3.5%NaCl solution^[107]

Fig.11 Current density distribution diagrams and EIS diagrams of Q235 electrodes after being soaked in HCl and NaCl solutions with different concentrations for 24 h: (a) HCl-0 mg/L-24 h, (b) HCl-25 mg/L-24 h, (c) HCl-200 mg/L-24 h, (d) NaCl-0 mg/L-24 h, (e) NaCl-25 mg/L-24 h, (f) NaCl-200 mg/L-24 h, and EIS of Q235 steel after immersing in HCl (a1-c1) and NaCl (d1-f1) for 24 h^[133]

Fig.12 Front-line orbital distribution maps and calculated E_LUMO, E_HOMO, and ΔE values of CD (a), IL-CD (b), CD (N) (c), IL-CD (N) (d), and schematic diagrams of the corrosion inhibition mechanisms of CDs (a1, b1), IL-CDs (c1, d1)^[52]

Fig.13 Fluorescence test results (a), UV-Vis difference spectroscopy (b) and the diagram of corrosion inhibition mechanism of pt-CDs (c)^[143]

Fig.14 TEM characterization results of pitaya peel under different reaction times (a) and the curves of Q235 steel in solutions with different concentrations (b)^[146]

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