汽车材料加速腐蚀试验方法研究进展与等效性评价

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2026.146

中国腐蚀与防护学报 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2026.146

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王康

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王康陈平陈循军李观金廖伯凯乔智威 . 汽车材料加速腐蚀试验方法研究进展与等效性评价[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 10.11902/1005.4537.2026.146.

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摘要: 随着中国汽车产业全球化战略的深入推进，海外市场的腐蚀环境适应性已成为制约产品竞争力的关键因素。传统自然环境暴露试验虽能反映材料实际服役环境中的腐蚀行为及演化规律，但仍存在周期长、成本高等不足，难以满足现代汽车材料快速迭代的发展需求。实验室加速腐蚀试验，通过强化腐蚀因子，实现在较短时间内获得材料腐蚀数据，但其与自然环境中使役行为间等效性关系是当前研究的痛点问题。综述了中性盐雾试验、循环腐蚀试验等常用加速试验方法的原理、特点及适用性，结合全球典型腐蚀环境的特征分析，探讨实验室加速试验与自然环境暴露试验之间的相关性建模方法。结果表明，多因子耦合的循环腐蚀试验相比传统单一盐雾试验具有更高的相关性，通过"横向对比+纵向关联"的技术路线，结合腐蚀动力学模型与多因子耦合分析，可在建立加速试验与自然暴露之间的等效关系的同时，有效降低两者间的偏差。基于全球试验网络构建的腐蚀图谱与验证评价体系，能够为汽车防腐性能的开发验证提供科学依据与理论指导。

关键词 ：汽车材料, 循环腐蚀试验, 大气暴露, 等效性评价, 腐蚀图谱

Abstract：With the in-depth advancement of the globalization strategy of China's automotive industry, the adaptability to corrosive environments in overseas markets has become a key factor restricting product competitiveness. Although traditional natural environment exposure tests can reflect the corrosion behavior and evolution laws of materials in actual service environments, they still suffer from shortcomings such as long cycles and high costs, making it difficult to meet the rapid iterative development needs of modern automotive materials. Laboratory accelerated corrosion tests enable the acquisition of material corrosion data within a relatively short time by intensifying corrosion factors; however, the equivalence relationship between such tests and the service behavior in natural environments remains a critical pain point in current research. This paper reviews the principles, characteristics, and applicability of commonly used accelerated test methods such as neutral salt spray test and cyclic corrosion test. Combined with the characteristic analysis of global typical corrosive environments, correlation modeling methods between laboratory accelerated tests and natural environment exposure tests are discussed. The results indicate that multi-factor coupled cyclic corrosion tests exhibit higher correlation than traditional single salt spray tests. Through the technical route of "horizontal comparison + vertical correlation", combined with corrosion kinetics models and multi-factor coupling analysis, the equivalent relationship between accelerated tests and natural exposure can be effectively established, and the deviation between the two can be effectively reduced. The corrosion map and verification evaluation system constructed based on the global test network can provide a scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the development and verification of automotive anti-corrosion performance.

Key words： Automobile Materials Cyclic Corrosion Test Atmospheric Exposure Equivalence Evaluation Corrosion Map

收稿日期: 2026-04-30

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