生物质飞灰粒度与浓度对电站锅炉协同腐蚀损伤特性研究

doi:10.11902/1005.4537.2025.304

中国腐蚀与防护学报 DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.304

吴健,姚锡文,许开立,许克强

东北大学

Research on the synergistic corrosion damage characteristics of biomass fly ash particle size and concentration on power station boilers

引用本文:

吴健姚锡文许开立许克强. 生物质飞灰粒度与浓度对电站锅炉协同腐蚀损伤特性研究[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 10.11902/1005.4537.2025.304.

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摘要: 生物质电厂锅炉运行过程中产生的飞灰颗粒沉积在金属受热面上易导致金属减薄或腐蚀泄漏，是引发电厂锅炉受热面腐蚀爆管事故频发的重要原因。为探究木材类生物质热转化过程中飞灰颗粒的沉积腐蚀损伤特性，本研究以松木屑灰为研究对象、腐蚀增重量为评价指标，利用基于管式炉系统自行搭建的腐蚀实验平台模拟研究烟气温度为600℃且主要气体组分为CO2、O2和N2的典型锅炉烟气环境中，不同粒径颗粒（<30μm、30-75μm、75-100μm）和不同积灰浓度（10、20和30 mg/cm2）对我国生物质电厂锅炉典型常用钢材12Cr1MoVG高温腐蚀特性的影响规律及作用机理。结果表明，木屑灰颗粒诱导锅炉受热面金属腐蚀效应受颗粒粒度与积灰浓度的协同作用影响显著，不同粒径颗粒对金属受热面高温腐蚀的调控呈现出不同的作用效果：当积灰浓度为10 mg/cm2时，75-100 μm的大颗粒因比表面积相对较小导致烧结迟缓，持续释放活性组分且灰层孔隙疏松，促进局部腐蚀；而粒径为30-75μm的颗粒在20mg/cm2的积灰浓度下，可以通过分级孔隙结构形成加速腐蚀的协同效应；但是当积灰浓度增至30mg/cm2时，不同粒径颗粒物均因灰层的孔隙率较低而呈现腐蚀抑制作用；在本实验工况下，当颗粒粒径为75-100μm且积灰浓度为10mg/cm2时腐蚀现象最显著，其次为30-75μm且积灰浓度为20mg/cm2情形，而当颗粒粒径<30μm时，腐蚀现象在20mg/cm2时最显著。研究成果可为揭示生物质电厂锅炉不同粒径颗粒物诱导受热面高温腐蚀特性及机理提供科学指导。

关键词 ：生物质能安全, 积灰腐蚀, 颗粒粒度, 积灰浓度, 腐蚀爆管

Abstract：Fly ash particles generated during the operation of biomass power plant boilers deposited on the metal heating surface is easy to lead to metal thinning or corrosion leakage, which is an important reason for the frequent occurrence of corrosion and tube bursting accidents in the heating surface of the boiler of the cited power plant. In order to investigate the deposition corrosion damage characteristics of fly ash particles in the thermal conversion process of wood biomass, this study takes pine wood chip ash as the research object, using corrosion weight gain as an evaluation criterion and uses the corrosion experimental platform built on the basis of the tube furnace system to simulate the study of the typical boiler flue gas environment where the flue gas temperature is 600 ℃ and the main gas components are CO2, O2 and N2, and where the particles of different particle sizes (<30 μm, 30-75 μm, 75-100 μm) and different ash concentration (10, 20, and 30 mg/cm2) on the high temperature corrosion characteristics of 12Cr1MoVG, a typical common steel used in the boilers of China's biomass power plants, and the mechanism of the effect.The results show that wood ash particles induce metal corrosion effect on the heating surface of the boiler by the synergistic effect of particle size and ash concentration, and the regulation of high temperature corrosion on the metal heating surface by different particle sizes shows different effects: When the concentration of accumulated ash is 10mg/cm2, the large particles of 75-100μm are slow to sinter due to the relatively small specific surface area, continuously releasing the active components and the pore space of the ash layer is loosely packed, which promotes the local corrosion; while the particles with a particle size of 30-75μm can accelerate the corrosion synergistically by the formation of a hierarchical pore structure under the concentration of accumulated ash of 20mg/cm2; however, when the concentration of accumulated ash is increased to 30mg/cm2, particles of different sizes showed corrosion inhibition due to the lower porosity of the ash layer. In this experiment, the most serious corrosion phenomenon was observed when the particle size was 75-100μm and the ash concentration was 10mg/cm2, followed by 30-75μm and the ash concentration was 20mg/cm2, and the corrosion phenomenon was the most significant when the particle size was <30μm at 20mg/cm2.The research results can provide scientific guidance for revealing the characteristics and mechanism of high-temperature corrosion on the heating surface induced by particles of different sizes in the boiler of biomass power plants.

Key words： biomass energy safety ash corrosion particle size ash concentration corrosive burst pipe

收稿日期: 2025-09-26

基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目

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