The corrosion behavior of Q235 steel/conducting concrete in saline-alkali soil, yellow-brown soil, and red soil respectively was studied by means of potentiostatic scanning and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, so that to reveal the influence of soil environmental factors on the corrosion process. Based on the grey correlation theory, the influence weight of each ion in soils on the corrosion process of Q235 steel in conductive concrete was calculated. The results show that after 45 d of accelerated corrosion, holes and fine cracks appeared on the surface of Q235 steel/conducting concrete. The corrosion rate of Q235 steel/conducting concrete in three typical soil environments may be ranked from small to large according to soil type: saline-alkali soil, yellow-brown soil, and red soil. The calculation results of the grey correlation degree show that when the Q235 steel/conducting concrete is corroded in the soil, the weighting of soil environmental factors may be ranked as follows: pH＞[SO₄^2-]＞[Ca²⁺]＞[Cl^-]＞[HCO₃^-]＞[Mg²⁺]＞[Fe³⁺]. As the pH of the soil environment decreases, the degradation degree of conductive concrete increases, while the corrosion rate increases. H⁺ and SO₄^2- in the soil will directly react with conductive concrete components, resulting in concrete degradation, which has the greatest impact weight. Ca²⁺ can migrate inward to the conductive concrete pore fluid, therewith leading the precipitation of relevant oxides or carbonates there, which act as physical protective means, hence the impact weight of Ca²⁺ is slightly lower. The influence of Cl^- on the corrosion of Q235 steel is inhibited by the insulation effect of the concrete layer and the electric double layer, so the influence weight is also lower.