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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2018, Vol. 38 Issue (2): 87-104    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2018.036
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Research Progress of Microarc Oxidation for Corrosion Prevention of Mg-alloys
Xuejun CUI(), Jing PING
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering,Zigong 643000, China
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Abstract  

This paper reviewed the development history of microarc oxidation (MAO) technique and the mechanism related with spark discharge process, with emphasis on the corrosion prevention for Mg-alloys in the past two decades. Various aspects of MAO coating of Mg-alloys and recent progress were summarized in detail, such as power types, operating modes, electrical parameters, electrolyte solutions, post- and pre-treatments. And the problems and suggestions of MAO technique for corrosion prevention of magnesium alloys were presented in the end．
Key words:  magnesium alloy      coating      plasma electrolytic oxidation      corrosion resistance      oxidation process     
Received:  12 February 2018     
Fund: Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province (2016JZ0032) and Talent Introduction Funds of the Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (2017RCL15)
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Xuejun CUI
Jing PING

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Xuejun CUI, Jing PING. Research Progress of Microarc Oxidation for Corrosion Prevention of Mg-alloys. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2018, 38(2): 87-104.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2018.036     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2018/V38/I2/87

Fig.1  Time line for development of MAO technology
Fig.2  Schematic current-voltage diagram of MAO process[2,34]
Fig.3  Surface (a~c) and cross-sectional (d~f) morphologies of MAO coatings prepared under constant voltage (a, d),current (b, e), and power (c, f)[53]
Fig.4  Surface morphologies of MAO coatings under different current pulse frequencies: (a) 500 Hz, (b) 1000 Hz, (c) 1500 Hz, (d) 2000 Hz[68]
Specie Additive Concentration Basesolution Substrate Effect
Restraining sparking Thickness Hardness Roughness Anticorrosion Ref.
Organic amine Diethylenetriamine 0.5 mol/L PO43- AZ91D Yes Un In Un In [93,94]
Triethylamine 40~60 g/L PO43- AZ91D Yes Un In Un In [93,95]
Hexamethylenetetramine 0.1 mol/L SiO32--PO43- AZ91D Yes Un In Un In [76]
N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylethy-lenediamine 0.1 mol/L SiO32--PO43- AZ91D Yes Un Un De In [96]
Triethanolamine 30 g/L SiO32--B4O72- AZ91D Yes Un Un De In [97]
Organic acid Aminoacetic acid 6.0 g/L SiO32--B4O72- Mg-Li Yes In Un De In [98]
Terephthalic acid 2.0 g/L B4O72- AZ91D Yes De Un De In [99]
Phytic acid 8.0 g/L OH- AZ91HP Yes Un Un Un In [100]
Tannic acid 4.0 g/L SiO32- AZ91 Yes In Un Un In [101]
EDTA 0.03 mol/L SiO32- AZ31 Yes In Un Un In [102]
Citric Acid 12 g/L SiO32- AZ31 Yes Un Un De In [103]
Nitrilotriacetic acid 0.04 mol/L SiO32- AZ31 Yes In Un De In [104]
Salt of organic Sodium of polyaspartic acid 19.2~28.8 g/L SiO32- AZ31 Yes Un Un De In [105]
acid Trisodium citrate 10 g/L SiO32--B4O72- ZK60 Yes De Un Un In [106]
Ferric citrate 15 g/L PO43- AZ40M Un In Un Un In [107]
Sodium citrate 0.5 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes De Un De De [108]
EDTA-2Na 1 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes De Un De De [108]
L-Ornithine acetate 0.03 mol/L SiO32- AZ31 Yes In Un Un In [92]
Potassium biphthalate 4 g/L B4O72- AZ91D Yes De Un De In [109]
Alcohols Glycerine 4 mL/L SiO32- AZ91D Yes De Un De In [110]
Ethylene glycol 10 g/L SiO32--B4O72- AZ31B Yes In Un De In [111]
Organic Glucose 10 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes In Un De In [112]
sugars Sucrose 10 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes Un Un De In [113]
Aromatic 1H-Benzotriazole 5 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes In Un De In [114]
compounds 8-Hydroxyquinoline 2 g/L SiO32- AZ91 Yes In Un Un In [115]
Siloxane KH-550 4~7 mL/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes In Un De In [116]
Organic Polytetra- 18 g/L PO43- AM60 No De Un Un In [117]
fluorine fluoroethylene MA8 [118]
Table 1  Specie, concentration and function of organic additives[93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118]
Additive Concentration Base solution Substrate Effect Ref.
Restraining sparking Thickness Hardness Roughness Anticorrosion
H2O2 10~20 ml/L SiO32- ZK60 Yes In Un In De [119]
NaF 0.2 mol/L PO43- AZ91 No In Un Un In [120]
K4P2O7 3 g/L SiO32- AZ31 No De Un In In [121]
Cu3(PO4)2 3~5 g/L SiO32~PO43- LZ91 Mg-Li Un In Un In De [122]
KMnO4 0.07 mol/L SiO32- AZ91 No De Un In In [123]
K2CrO4 0.4 g/L SiO32- AZ91D Un In Un In In [124]
NH4VO3 40 g/L SiO32--B4O72- AZ31B Yes Un Un De In [125]
K2ZrF6 10 g/L ZrF62--PO43- AM30 No De Un Un In [126]
K2TiF6 10 g/L PO3- Mg-8.5Li-1Al Un In Un Un In [127]
Na2WO4 10 g/L AlO22- AZ31 No In Un In In [128]
La(NO3)3 0.3 g/L PO43- AZ31 No De Un Un In [129]
Na2B4O7 9 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Yes In Un In In [130]
Na2B4O7 20 g/L OH- AZ91HP Yes In Un In De [131]
Nano-CeO2 6 g/L SiO32- AZ91D Un In In Un In [132]
Nano-TiO2 5 g/L AlO22--PO43- AZ91D Un Un De Un In [133,137]
Nano-SiO2 10 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Un In Un Un In [134]
Nano-SiC 4 g/L SiO32--AlO22- AZ91D No In In Un In [135]
Nano-Al2O3 15 g/L SiO32- AZ31B Un In In Un In [136,137]
Nano-ZrO2 4 g/L SiO32-PO43--BO3 AM60B Un Un In Un In [137]
Nano-graphite 10 g/L SiO32- ZM5 Un In In Un Un [138]
Oxidized graphene 0.05 g/L PO43- AZ31 Un In Un In In [139]
TiN Particles 2 g/L PO43- AZ91D Un In In Un In [140]
Nano-TiN 3 g/L SiO32- MA8 Un In In In De [141]
Nano-Nd2O3 10 g/L SiO32- AZ91D No De Un Un De [142]
Nano-Y2O3 10 g/L SiO32- AZ91D Yes In Un Un In [142]
Nano-Si3N4 2~3 g/L PO43--AlO22- AZ31 No In In In In [143]
Table 2  Specie, concentration and function of inorganic additives[119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143]
Fig.5  Surface morphologies and contact angles (inset) of the MAO coating before (a) and after (b) modification[151]
Fig.6  Back scattered electron images of the surface (a) and cross section (c) of MAO coating with sealing treatment of 3 h immersion in 10 g/L Ce(NO3)3 bath and corresponding X-ray elemental maps (b, d)[155] (Note: the sealed PEO coatings (a~d) were developed)
Fig.7  Surface morphologies of self-sealing MAO coatings on magnesium alloy: (a) K2ZrF6[157], (b) K2TiF6[158]
Fig.8  Surface morphologies of MAO coatings at different external voltages: (a) 0 V, (b) 1000 V, (c) 3000 V, (d) 5000 V[160]
Fig.9  Surface (a, c) and cross-section (b, d) morphologies of the coatings prepared via one-step process (a, b) in Na2SiO4 solution and wo-step process in Na2SiO4-K2ZrF6 solution (c, d)[162]
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