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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2018, Vol. 38 Issue (2): 147-157    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2017.020
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Influence of Soil Water Content Adjusted by Simulated Acid Rain on Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel in Red Soil
Shuaixing WANG1,2, Nan DU1(), Daoxin LIU2, Jinhua XIAO1, Danping DENG1
1 National Defense Key Disciplines Laboratory of Light Alloy Processing Science and Technology, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
2 Institute of Corrosion and Protection, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Abstract  

The electrochemical behavior and corrosion feature of X80 steel in red soil with different moisture contents adjusted by simulated acid rain were studied by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves, EIS, three-dimensional video microscope, SEM and XRD. Results show that the corrosion rate (Rct-1), corrosion type and corrosion mechanism of X80 steel in red soil irrigating with simulated acid rain were significantly dependent on the soil water content (SWC). By 15% (mass fraction) SWC, the overall corrosion process was controlled by electrochemical activation reaction, the steel surface underwent pitting and filiform corrosion, and Rct-1 was small. With the increase of SWC, Rct-1 increased, and the corrosion type of the steel surface varied from the localized pitting to the uniform corrosion. When SWC was 25%, a loose and reddish-brown corrosion product layer was formed by the incorporation of soil particles. In the acid rain-saturated soil, the steel surface underwent severe ulcer-like corrosion, the corrosion mechanism varied upon the exposure time. The corrosion process was mainly controlled by a charge-transfer process at the initial stage, but the subsequent corrosion processes were controlled by a combination of activation control and diffusion control after 15 d. In addition to the soil acidity, the condensation phenomenon should be taken into account to understand the corrosive nature of red soil. When X80 steel was exposed in the soil at Nanchang area, the time with moisture film on the steel surface could account for 98.6% of the total exposure time, which means that the corrosion reaction of X80 steel in the acidic red soil could occur at almost any time.
Key words:  X80 steel      corrosion      soil water content (SWC)      simulated acid rain      condensation     
Received:  06 February 2017     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51161021)
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Shuaixing WANG
Nan DU
Daoxin LIU
Jinhua XIAO
Danping DENG

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Shuaixing WANG, Nan DU, Daoxin LIU, Jinhua XIAO, Danping DENG. Influence of Soil Water Content Adjusted by Simulated Acid Rain on Corrosion Behavior of X80 Steel in Red Soil. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2018, 38(2): 147-157.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2017.020     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2018/V38/I2/147

Fig.1  OM metallograph (a) and SEM image (b) of X80 pipeline steel
Fig.2  Schematic diagram for verifing condensation corrosion
Fig.3  Polarization curves of X80 steel exposed for 1 d in red soils leached by simulated acid rain and the different contents of water
Fig.4  Nyquist plots (a, c, e, g) and Bode phase plots (b, d, f, h) of X80 steel exposed in acid rain-red soils with 15% (a, b), 25% (c, d), 30% (e, f) and 37% (g, h) SWC
Fig.5  Equivalent circuit used to fit EIS of X80 steelexposed in Nanchang red soil
SWC / mass fraction Exposure time / d Rs / Ωcm2 Cs / Fcm-2 Rct / Ωcm2 Qdl / Fcm-2 ndl
15% 1 5775 7.906×10-8 6186 8.416×10-5 0.7001
4 5744 6.242×10-8 6013 9.627×10-5 0.6777
7 5248 1.814×10-9 6518 2.891×10-5 0.6947
15 3781 1.069×10-9 5558 8.127×10-5 0.6255
30 3151 6.799×10-8 4982 1.531×10-4 0.5819
25% 1 1479 1.094×10-8 3282 2.294×10-5 0.7890
4 1047 9.561×10-8 4278 1.712×10-5 0.8541
7 1030 7.044×10-8 4334 3.699×10-5 0.7652
15 575 2.927×10-8 3693 2.136×10-5 0.7576
30 518 2.877×10-8 2795 3.927×10-5 0.6887
30% 1 1420 2.003×10-9 3082 3.504×10-5 0.7751
4 1292 2.472×10-9 3431 1.363×10-5 0.7440
7 1073 2.396×10-9 3651 5.935×10-5 0.7188
15 847 3.597×10-8 5914 7.826×10-4 0.6063
30 817 1.795×10-8 6717 2.175×10-4 0.5686
37% 1 644 1.287×10-8 1564 3.937×10-5 0.8053
4 1169 1.406×10-9 2596 3.408×10-5 0.8306
7 933 1.166×10-9 5309 1.529×10-4 0.6151
15 625 3.351×10-9 8754 2.737×10-4 0.5104
30 701 2.609×10-9 7762 2.432×10-4 0.4458
Table 1  EIS fitting parameters for X80 steel exposed in red soil with various SWC
Fig.6  Variations of Rct-1 with time for X80 steel exposed in acid rain red soils with different SWC
Fig.7  3D (a, c, e, g) and SEM images (b, d, f, h) of X80 steel exposed in acid rain red soil with 15% (a, b), 25% (c, d), 30% (e, f) and 37% (g, h) SWC
Fig.8  XRD patterns of X80 steel after exposure in acid rain red soil with different SWC for 30 d
Fig.9  Schematics of moisture droplets or film on X80 steel and corrosion mechanism models of X80 steel during exposure in acid rain red soils with 15% (a), 20%~30% (b) and 37% (c) SWC
Fig.10  Influences of SWC and AT on critical time for air humidity above red soil to reach 99 RH%: (a) AT: 28~30 ℃, ARH: 55%~60%; (b) AT: 18~20 ℃, ARH: 50%~55%; (c) AT: 13~15 ℃, ARH: 55%~60%; (d) AT: 6~9 ℃, ARH: 55%~60%
Month Precipitation / mm Precipitation days pH of rain Average temperature / ℃ Average DIF / ℃ SWC / %
Jan. 74 10.0 4.15 5.3 5.7 13%
Feb. 132 13.2 4.23 6.9 6.0 30%
Mar. 201 18.0 4.48 10.9 6.5 Saturation
Apr. 187 17.7 5.07 17.3 7.8 Saturation
May 223 16.5 4.08 22.3 15.9 Saturation
Jun. 306 15.5 4.26 26.9 14.6 Saturation
Jul. 144 10.8 4.21 31.3 7.6 25%
Aug. 128 10.3 4.52 30.1 7.2 22%
Sep. 68 7.7 4.37 24.6 12.4 12%
Oct. 59 8.8 4.04 19.4 7.4 8%
Nov. 86 7.9 3.95 13.3 7.5 15%
Dec. 42 7.8 3.74 7.8 7.3 6%
Table 2  Climate data of Nanchang in 2014 and the sampling data of red soil
Fig.11  Formation time spectrum of continuous moisture film on the surface of X80 steel during exposure in Nanchang red soil
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