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Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection  2017, Vol. 37 Issue (1): 16-22    DOI: 10.11902/1005.4537.2016.150
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Corrosion Behavior of 316 Stainless Steel in Mixed Molten Nitrate Salts with and without Rare Earth Element
Ming ZHU(),Guyue ZHOU,Huihui ZHANG
College of Material Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Abstract  

Ternary nitrate salts are widely used as thermal storage medium for solar thermal power generation system, but the corrosion damage of the heat storage pipe caused by the molten nitrate salts is significantly severe. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the pipeline material, the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel in mixed molten nitrate-salts KNO3-NaNO2-NaNO3 without and with addition of 1‰ (mass fraction) and 2‰Y2O3 was comparatively studied by means of electrochemical method and SEM/EDS. The results showed that the addition of Y2O3 can reduce the corrosion rate of stainless steel. The corrosion current density decreased from 9.47 mAcm-2 to 7.13 and 3.73 mAcm-2 respectively with the addition of 1‰ and 2‰Y2O3 and correspondingly, the transfer resistance of 316 stainless steel in mixed molten nitrate salts was enhanced. It can be concluded that the addition of trace of rare earth element is an effective way to improve the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel in the mixed molten nitrate salts.
Key words:  electrochemistry      316 stainless steel      ternary nitrate salt      rare earth element      corrosion     
Received:  09 September 2016     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51201131), Cultivation Fund of Xi'an University of Science and Technology (6310214005) and Doctoral Promoter Fund of Xi'an University of Science and Technology (6310115012)
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Ming ZHU
Guyue ZHOU
Huihui ZHANG

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Ming ZHU,Guyue ZHOU,Huihui ZHANG. Corrosion Behavior of 316 Stainless Steel in Mixed Molten Nitrate Salts with and without Rare Earth Element. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and protection, 2017, 37(1): 16-22.

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https://www.jcscp.org/EN/10.11902/1005.4537.2016.150     OR     https://www.jcscp.org/EN/Y2017/V37/I1/16

Fig.1  Potentiodynamic polarization curves for 316 stainless steel in molten nitrate at 450 ℃
Molten nitrate ba / mVdec-1 bc / mVdec-1 Ecorr / mV Icorr / mAcm-2
HITEC+1‰Y2O3 603.11 -1519.2 -22.54 3.73
HITEC+2‰Y2O3 651.67 -1499.6 -98.04 7.13
HITEC 711.99 -1493.5 -19.70 9.47
Table 1  Fitting results of potentiodynamic curves for the 316 stainless steel corroded in containing different proportion of Y2O3 mixture molten nitrate
Fig.2  Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) diagrams of 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate at 450 ℃
Fig.3  Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) diagrams of 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate with 1‰Y2O3 at 450 ℃
Fig.4  Nyquist (a) and Bode (b) diagrams of 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate with 2‰Y2O3 at 450 ℃
Fig.5  Equivalent circuits for fitting EIS
Time / h Rs / Ωcm2 C / Fcm-2 Rt / Ωcm2 Y0,dl / sαΩ-1cm-2 n Ra / Ωcm2
5 1.11 1.02×10-2 313.2 4.18×10-4 0.75 572.0
11 1.11 1.02×10-2 286.8 4.41×10-4 0.74 691.8
46 1.2 8.39×10-3 295.2 4.15×10-4 0.74 789.8
54 1.27 7.40×10-3 221.3 5.09×10-4 0.72 742.9
77 1.26 6.45×10-3 207.6 5.17×10-4 0.72 812.8
100 1.26 1.16×10-4 155.3 2.61×10-3 0.60 421.2
Table 2  Fitting results of EIS for 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate
Time / h Rs / Ωcm2 C / Fcm-2 Rt / Ωcm2 Y0,dl / sαΩ-1cm-2 n Ra / Ωcm2
2 1.27 1.62×10-3 665.6 9.47×10-5 0.63 30.28
15 1.32 7.08×10-4 538.3 5.79×10-3 0.72 178.50
35 1.55 8.03×10-4 654.0 7.03×10-4 0.71 52.00
55 1.31 8.32×10-4 438.1 1.24×10-2 0.70 729.90
75 1.34 1.40×10-2 406.2 7.42×10-4 0.71 711.00
136 1.24 7.27×10-4 413.1 1.41×10-2 0.71 621.70
Table 3  Fitting results of EIS for 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate with 1‰Y2O3
Time / h Rs / Ωcm2 C / Fcm-2 Rt / Ωcm2 Y0,dl / snΩ-1cm-2 n Ra / Ωcm2
4 1.10 1.01×10-2 301.5 4.77×10-4 0.71 431.7
40 1.20 7.95×10-3 253 3.98×10-4 0.76 505.2
105 1.11 1.64×10-2 374.3 7.10×10-4 0.73 550.9
110 1.24 1.50×10-2 358.5 6.98×10-4 0.73 529.2
130 1.11 1.90×10-2 379.1 7.11×10-4 0.73 481.7
140 1.19 1.81×10-2 413.9 7.28×10-4 0.73 516.6
Table 4  Fitting results of EIS for 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate with 2‰Y2O3
Fig.6  Relationships between electron transfer resistance and corrosion time of 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate with different proportion of Y2O3
Fig.7  Cross-sectional morphologies and elemental distribution maps of the corrosion products formed on 316 stainless steel in mixture molten nitrate salts at 450 ℃ for 150 h
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