IrO2复合物具有优良的耐腐蚀、抗氧化特性和电化学特性，被应用于析氧催化与氧还原催化领域。本文综述了近几年来IrO2复合涂层电极的研究进展，主要包括IrO2晶体结构特点、IrO2复合涂层电极制备方法以及复合涂层电极在析氧催化与氧还原催化领域的相关研究。
Iridium oxide composites are widely used in the oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction catalysis fields because of their excellent anti corrosion, oxidation-resistant and superior electrochemistry performances. In this paper, the crystal structure of iridium oxide, the preparation methods for its composites and the relative research progress in oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction catalysis fields in recent years were reviewed.
以熔模铸造Mg-9 mass%Zn-3 mass%Al（ZA93）镁合金为基底，分别研究碘离子、乳酸和氟化氢铵对化学镀镍的镀液稳定性和镀层沉积速度的影响规律及其反应机理，并在此基础上优化了镀液配方。用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱（EDX）和X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对优化镀液中试镀得到的Ni-P镀层的显微组织、相结构以及元素组成进行了分析。结果表明，碘离子与氟化氢铵在一定浓度范围内，可以同时提高镀液的稳定性和镀层沉积速度，但乳酸对镀液的影响机制较为复杂。优化配方镀液的稳定性相对原镀液有了明显的提高，同时保持了较高的镀速，得到的镀层组织均匀、致密和结合良好，为非晶态结构。
The effects of the concentration of iodine ion, ammonium bifluoride and lactic acid on the stability and deposition rate of Ni plating solution have been investigated using investment casting ZA93 alloy as base material. The composition of the plating solution was also optimized. SEM, EDX and XRD have been applied to analyze the microstructure, phase identification, and the elements distribution of the coating. The results showed that the ammonium bifluoride and iodine ion increased both the stability of the plating solution and the deposition rate, but the effect of lactic acid on the plating solution was more complicated. Compared to the former one, the optimized plating solution showed higher deposition rate and was much more stable. The coating was homogeneous, compact with good adhesion to the base and the structure was amorphous.
通过对X52钢进行热处理获得三种不同组织。SEM观察发现三种组织分别为铁素体/带状珠光体、马氏体/贝氏体和针状铁素体/回火马氏体。通过动电位极化、线性极化电阻、氢致开裂（HIC）实验和硫化物应力腐蚀开裂（SSC）实验，研究了不同热处理对X52钢在H2S环境中的腐蚀与开裂行为的影响。结果表明马氏体/贝氏体显微组织由于位错密度很高且脆性大，因而腐蚀速率及HIC和SSC敏感性很高。铁素体/带状珠光体组织和针状铁素体/回火马氏体组织腐蚀速率及HIC和SSC敏感性很低。针状铁素体/回火马氏体组织由于不含带状组织且晶粒细小以及碳化物的析出，因此其HIC和SSC抗性优于铁素体/带状珠光体组织。
Three different microstructures of X52 pipeline steel were obtained through different heat treatments. SEM results showed that the three different microstructures were ferrite/band pearlite, martensite/bainite and acicular ferrite/tempered martensite. The effects of microstructures on corrosion and cracking behavior of X52 steel in the H2S-containing solution were studied through potentiodynamic polarization measurements, linear polarization resistance measurements, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) tests and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) tests. The results showed that martensite/bainite had the highest corrosion rate as well as highest susceptibility to suffer HIC and SSC of all the three microstructures due to its high density tangled dislocation and its high brittlement. Both of ferrite/band pearlite and acicular ferrite/tempered martensite had lower corrosion rate and better HIC and SSC resistance compared to martensite/bainite. However, the acicular ferrite/tempered martensite microstructure had higher resistance of HIC and SSC than ferrite/band pearlite due to the elimination of band structures, grain refinement and the precipitation of fine carbides in the matrix.
研究了具有不同组织结构的铜合金管材在淡水中的腐蚀行为。合金存在大量粒径小于5µm的晶粒，且大小晶粒差别显著，表现为不完全再结晶的组织结构。大量细小晶粒的存在增加了铜合金在淡水中的腐蚀敏感性，主要表现为表面膜层不稳定、膜层鼓泡脱落、出现微裂纹和沿晶腐蚀。不完全再结晶的组织可以形成腐蚀通道，使合金的腐蚀迅速向纵深发展。这种组织来源于热加工中的动态再结晶过程，因某种原因保留到了冷加工及其热处理过程之后。
The corrosion behavior of copper alloy tube with different microstructures in fresh water was investigated in this paper. A lot of minute grains with less than 5 µm diameter were discovered in the alloy matrix, indicating imperfect recrystallization. The existence of many micro-grains made local corrosion of copper alloy much more sensitive when servicing in fresh water, during which the film was unstable and peeled and micro cracking and intergranular corrosion appeared. Furthermore, this kind of microstructure with imperfect recrystallization could form corrosion channel and make the corrosion developing along grain boundary quickly. The microstructure was from dynamic recrystallization in hot deformation and remained in the material structure after cold working and heat treatment.
通过热处理在SS400热轧带钢表面生成氧化皮，采用SEM、XRD和EDS等手段观察分析了氧化皮的组成及结构。结合极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及扫描Kelvin探针(SKP)测试，探讨了SS400热轧带钢表面氧化皮状态与其耐蚀性能之间的关系。结果表明，连续、致密和完整的氧化皮能减缓腐蚀的进行，起到保护钢基体的作用；随着腐蚀时间的增加，腐蚀电池的阴极区和阳极区的电位差增大，腐蚀加速进行，阴极区和阳极区趋于明显，且呈现局部腐蚀的特征，氧化皮对金属基体的保护作用减弱。
SEM, XRD and EDS were used to observe and analyze the structure and phase composition of the oxide scale on the SS400 hot rolled strip steel prepared by heat treatment in the laboratory. Electrochemical polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning Kelvin probing (SKP) were also used to reveal the relationship between the state of the oxide scale of hot rolled strip and its corrosion behavior. The results showed that the continuous, compact and integrated oxide scale could retard the general corrosion rate and protect steel substrate. With corrosion time increasing, the potential difference between the cathodic and anodic areas in corrosion cell increased, so the strip corroded more quickly, accompanied with the appearance of the distinct characters of localized corrosion and the cathodic and anodic areas separated from each other evidently. Therefore, the protective effect of the oxide scale to the base metal was weakened.
采用ER-309焊丝焊接了T4003与Q450NQR1耐候钢、Nirosta4003与Q450NQR1耐候钢两种异质接头，用金相方法分析了母材和接头的显微组织，通过盐雾腐蚀试验及电化学极化曲线测量对异种金属焊接接头的耐蚀性能进行了评价。结果表明，对T4003和Nirosta4003铁素体不锈钢同种金属所形成的焊接接头而言，焊缝的耐蚀性能均优于对应的母材，但热影响区的耐蚀性能变差。对T4003和Nirosta4003铁素体不锈钢与Q450NQR1耐候钢焊接形成的异质接头而言，焊缝的耐蚀性能下降。在盐雾状态下，同种金属焊接所形成的焊缝与母材的耐盐雾腐蚀性能水平相当，耐蚀性能较好；T4003和Nirosta4003不锈钢与Q450NQR1耐候钢焊接而成的异质接头腐蚀较为明显，尤其是耐候钢一侧的腐蚀较为严重，出现了大量的腐蚀坑。在异种金属所形成的焊接接头中，不锈钢母材、热影响区、焊缝以及耐候钢母材由于腐蚀电位差的不同形成原电池，致使耐候钢母材的腐蚀加剧。
T4003 and Q450NQR1, as well as Nirosta 4003 and Q450NQR1 dissimilar metal joints were welded by ER-309 welding wire. The microstructure oftheir base metal and joint were analyzed by metallographic approach. The corrosion resistance of base metal and joints was evaluated by salt fog and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results demonstrated that as far as the similar metal joints of Nirosta 4003 and T4003 was concerned, the corrosion resistance of welding line was much better than that of base metal. However, the corrosion resistance of heat affected zone (HAZ) became worse. In the case of dissimilar metal joints of Nirosta 4003 and Q450NQR1, as well as T4003 and Q450NQR1, the corrosion resistance of welding line was reduced. Under salt spray condition, the corrosion resistance of welding line and base metal of similar metal joints was comparative. However, the dissimilar metal joints of Nirosta 4003 and Q450NQR1, as well as T4003 and Q450NQR1 exhibited obvious corrosion. Especially, abundant corrosion pits were found near the side of Q450NQR1. Due to the different corrosion voltages of stainless steel, weathering steel, HAZ, and welding line, a series of micro-batteries were formed in the dissimilar metal joints, which worsened the corrosion of weathering steel.
在化学镀Ni-P/PVDF合金镀液中添加稀土元素Y3+和La3+制备Ni-P/PVDF(RE)复合镀层，用电化学腐蚀测试系统测试复合镀层的耐蚀性，研究了稀土元素的添加量对镀层耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，在基础镀液中加入适量稀土元素后，所获得的Ni-P/PVDF(RE)复合镀层的晶粒较Ni-P/PVDF镀层更为细小，表面更加均匀和致密；镀层的耐蚀性随着稀土元素加入量的增加呈现先增强后减弱的趋势；在稀土元素的添加量为0.1g/L时，复合镀层的耐蚀性最好。在PVDF微粒和稀土元素的共同影响下，进一步提高Ni-P/PVDF(RE)镀层的耐蚀性。
Ni-P/PVDF(RE) composite platings were deposited by adding rare earth elements Y3+ and La3+ into electroless Ni-P/PVDF alloy baths. The effects of rare earth content on corrosion resistance were estimated by electrochemical polarization measurement. The results indicate that at the proper rare earth content, the surface morphology of the electroless Ni-P/PVDF(RE) plating is more uniform and denser than that of Ni-P/PVDF plating. The corrosion resistance of the coatings increases at low rare earth content, and then decreased with the increase of its content. The optimum content of rare earth in plating bath is 0.1 g/L. Under the synergetic effect of rare earth and PVDF particles, the corrosion resistance of the Ni-P/PVDF(RE) plating is enhanced.
通过合金化方法，在Al-Zn-In三元牺牲阳极中依次添加Mg、Ti、Ga、Mn、Sn等元素，炼制不同成分的铝合金牺牲阳极。采用电化学性能测试、极化曲线测量及扫描电子显微镜分析等手段分析了合金元素对铝合金牺牲阳极性能的影响。结果表明，随着添加元素种类的增加，牺牲阳极电化学性能提高。在Al-Zn-In三元阳极中加入Mg和Ti，阳极溶解形貌更加均匀；加入Ga与Sn后，阳极的开路电位与工作电位负移；加入Mn后阳极的电流效率提高。
Elements such as Mg, Ti, Ga, Mn and Sn were added to the Al-Zn-In based ternary anode in order using alloying method and the aluminum sacrificial anodes with different incorporated elements were cast. The electrochemical performance test, polarization plots and scanning electron microscope technique were carried out to analyze the influence of several familiar elements to the performance of the aluminum anode. The experiment results indicated that with the increase of the adding element the anode electrochemical performance was improved. When the elements of Mg and Ti were added to Al-Zn-In ternary anode the dissolution morphology was more uniform. When Ga and Sn were added, the anode open-circuit potential and closed-circuit potential were more negative. When Mn was added, the current efficiency was promoted.
将2024和2124铝合金与电位较正的钛合金（TC4）联接加速腐蚀，通过测试电偶腐蚀电流的分布曲线对比研究将铝合金经阳极化处理后的电偶腐蚀敏感性。采用表面形貌观察分析2×××系列铝合金的电偶腐蚀行为。结果表明，纯化可以减小材料的腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀电位，但效果不太明显，而阳极氧化处理可以明显降低其腐蚀敏感性，是防护电偶腐蚀的重要措施之一。
Galvanic corrosion sensitivity of 2024 and 2124 aluminum alloys connected with high potential titanium alloy (TC4) to speed up corrosion was compared to the anodized aluminum alloy by measuring the current distribution curves of galvanic corrosion. By observing the surface morphology after corrosion, the galvanic corrosion behavior of 2××× series Al Alloy was analyzed. The results showed that purification could slightly reduce the corrosion current density and corrosion potential. Anodization could reduce the sensitivity of the corrosion effect significantly, which was an important protective measure for galvanic corrosion.
将经表面喷丸处理和未处理的TP304H钢管安装于锅炉再热器的高温段运行7474h后，对内壁氧化膜进行形貌观察、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析。结果表明，喷丸处理可大幅度提高TP304H钢的抗水蒸汽氧化性能，氧化膜的生长速率显著降低且氧化膜的粘附性提高。显微分析表明，氧化膜由双层结构转变为单一高Cr氧化膜层，外层Fe的氧化层消失。分析认为喷丸在管子内壁产生的剧烈形变引起晶粒细化和马氏体相变，在高温下促进了Cr向表面扩散及生成富Cr的氧化层。
The inner surfaces of TP304H reheater tubes with and without shot peening were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) after 7474 h service at high temperature. The results showed that the shot peening treatment greatly increased the oxidation resistance of the TP304H tubes by dramatically decreasing the growth rate while increasing the adhesion of the oxide scale formed. The microstructural characterization also indicated that the shot peening treatment converted the oxide scale formed on the tubes from double layers being composed of an outer layer of iron oxides into single Cr-rich layer. It is proposed that the shot peening induces severe deformation of the tube inner surface and leads to grain refinement and martensite generation of the steel, both of which promotes Cr diffusivity to the surface and thus the formation of the Cr-rich oxide layer during the exposure of the tubes at high temperature.
用喷射式冲刷腐蚀实验研究了高氮奥氏体不锈钢和商用321不锈钢在含砂介质中的冲刷腐蚀行为，并计算了其在冲刷腐蚀条件下的力学和腐蚀交互作用分量。在单相NaCl溶液中静态条件下，高氮钢的耐蚀性能高于321不锈钢，在双相流介质中高氮钢的抗冲刷腐蚀能力亦高于321不锈钢。冲刷腐蚀不但加速了溶液中氧的传质过程，还破坏了不锈钢表面的钝化膜，使不锈钢处于活性溶解状态，以致电化学腐蚀速率增大两个数量级。交互作用中纯力学作用所占的比重最大。
The erosion-corrosion behavior of high nitrogen stainless steel and commercial 321 stainless steel in slurry flow was investigated by using a high-speed jet impingement erosion-corrosion apparatus. Meanwhile, the mass loss caused by erosion and corrosion and synergistic of corrosion and erosion was calculated. Compared to commercial 321 stainless steel, high nitrogen stainless steel has relatively superior corrosion resistance both in static NaCl solution and slurry flow. Erosion not only accelerated the traction of oxygen but also damaged the passive film formed on stainless steel. The damage of the passive film resulted in an active dissolution state and induced the corrosion current density increasing 100 times more than that in static solution. The mass loss caused by pure erosion was the dominant factor in total mass loss.
利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和电流-时间响应曲线对690合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学行为进行了研究。结果表明，690合金在不同浓度的NaCl溶液中均表现出阳极钝化现象，腐蚀速率随NaCl浓度的升高而增加。钝化后690合金的耐蚀性提高，在1%NaCl溶液中生成的钝化膜较致密。钝化时间小于1096 s时690合金在0.1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度低于其在1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度，当钝化时间大于1096 s时690合金在0.1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度反而高于其在1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度。
The electrochemical behavior of alloy 690 in NaCl were investigated by means of potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impendence spectrum and current-time transient curves. Alloy 690 exhibited anodic passivation behavior in tested solution. The corrosion rate of alloy 690 increased with the increase of NaCl concentration in tested solution. The passive film of alloy 690 formed in 1% NaCl was relatively compact compared with that in 0.1% NaCl at applied potential of 0.2 V. The corrosion current density of alloy 690 in 1% NaCl (Ip1) was higher than that in 0.1% NaCl (Ip2) when passivation periods less than 1096 s. The value of I p1 was lower than Ip2 when passivation periods longer than 1096 s.
用饱和H2S/CO2失重法、高压H2S/CO2动态失重法、原子力显微镜（AFM）、环境扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线能量色散光谱（EDX）研究了咪唑啉衍生物、曼尼希碱、吡啶季铵盐、喹啉季铵盐和新稠杂环季铵盐5种不同分子结构缓蚀剂对N80钢的抗硫性能。结果表明5种缓蚀剂对N80钢的抗硫性能均随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增强，各缓蚀剂的抗硫性能优劣顺序为：新稠杂环季铵盐>喹啉季铵盐>吡啶季铵盐>咪唑啉衍生物>曼尼希碱。静电吸附作用较强、空间位阻效应较小且中心吸附原子的电子云密度较大的缓蚀剂抗硫效果更好，其缓蚀机理主要是有效抑制CO2/Cl-腐蚀且促使试片表面生成致密的硫化物保护膜。
The inhibitive properties of five kinds of corrosion inhibitors, which contain imidazoline derivative, mannich base, pyridine quaternary ammonium salt, quinoline quaternary ammonium salt and a new fused heterocycle quaternary ammonium salt were studied by means of mass loss of saturated H2S/CO2 and dynamic rotating with high-pressure of H2S/CO2, atomic force microscopy(AFM), environmental scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) analysis on N80 steel. The results showed that inhibitive properties of five kinds of inhibitors enhanced with the increase of their concentration. The excellent order of the inhibitors was as followed: the new fused heterocycle quaternary ammonium salt > quinoline quaternary ammonium salt > pyridine quaternary ammonium salt>imidazoline derivative>mannich base. Corrosion inhibitor which had stronger electrostatic adsorption, smaller steric hindrance effect and larger electron density of the adatom had the better anti-sulfur properties. The inhibition mechanism of corrosion inhibitor was to inhibit the corrosion of CO2/Cl- and spur the formation of the compact sulfide film.
用静态和动态腐蚀失重法研究喹啉季铵盐、吡啶季铵盐、曼尼希碱和咪唑啉季铵盐四种不同主体类型缓蚀剂在高温高压H2S/CO2环境中N80钢的缓蚀性能，并结合扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）表面分析技术研究了不同缓蚀剂主体分子结构与缓蚀性能的关系。结果表明，四类缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率的大小顺序是：喹啉季铵盐>吡啶季铵盐>曼尼希碱>咪唑啉季铵盐。喹啉季铵盐与其他三种缓蚀剂主体分子结构相比具有更好的抗硫性能，其对N80钢具有良好的吸附性能，可形成抗腐蚀性介质渗透能力强的致密均匀和稳定不易分解的有机膜。其缓蚀剂用量为0.15%时，缓蚀率可达97%。
The inhibitive performance for N80 carbon steel of four corrosion inhibitors were investigated at high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) H2S/CO2 containing environment by masss loss method. The relationship between the molecular structures of inhibitors and inhibition efficiency was further illustrated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the order of inhibition efficiency was as followed: quioline quaternary ammonium salt (QQA) > pyridine quaternary ammonium salt > mannich bases > imidazoline quaternary ammonium salt. QQA had better sulfide-corrosion resistance compared with the other three and exhibited an excellent adsorption on the surface of N80 steel, which could be attributed to that the homogeneous adsorbed film of QQA molecules was stable enough in HTHP H2S/CO2 containing solution. The inhibition efficiency of QQA could reach 97% at the concentration of 0.15 mass%.
用电化学极化和电化学阻抗方法研究3%NaCl溶液中苯丙氨酸和色氨酸复合自组装膜对铜的保护作用，通过荧光分析法讨论了复合自组装膜中苯丙氨酸与色氨酸之间的相互作用。结果表明，两种氨基酸对铜均有一定的保护效果，但复合自组装膜相互之间存在拮抗作用，影响了氨基酸自组装膜的保护效率。
The mixed self-assembled films of phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp) were prepared on the copper surface. Their inhibition effect for copper corrosion in 3% NaCl solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Interaction between phenylalanine and tryptophan was studied using fluorescence analysis.The results showed both Phe-SAMs and Trp-SAMs have protection effect for copper. They rendered the corrosion potential to a positive shift. There was an antagonism between phenylalanine and tryptophan in the mixed SAMs. Photoinduced electron transfer in the mixed SAMs was verified by fluorescence emission.
合成了不同烷基链长的1-丙基-2-甲基-3-烷基苯并咪唑盐，通过动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜等方法研究其对Q235钢在1 mol/LHCl中的缓蚀作用。结果表明，1-丙基-2-甲基-3-烷基苯并咪唑盐对Q235钢在盐酸溶液中具有优异的缓蚀性能，其中1-丙基-2-甲基-3-十四烷基苯并咪唑盐的缓蚀性能最好，当浓度达到10mg/L时缓蚀率达98.6%，是以阴极型为主的混合型缓蚀剂。
ANew corrosion inhibitors 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-alkyl benzimidazole salts were synthesized and their inhibition for Q235 steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Meanwhile, the surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that benzimidazole salts had excellent inhibiting efficiency at very low concentration and the inhibiting efficiency increased with the increase of alkyl chain. 1-propyl-2-methyl-3-tetradecyl benzimidazole salts had the highest efficiency among four inhibitors, in which the inhibition efficiency reached up to 98.6% at the concentration of 10 mg/L. These inhibitors acted as mixed inhibitors with cathodic inhibition as dominative action.
